background & aim: understanding the relative effectiveness of different kinds of therapeutic methods on abstinence is very important, considering the fact that important variables such as self-efficacy beliefs in addicted adolescents, predicts the variance of marijuana and alcohol use up to 69 and 50 percent respectively. this study was aimed to compare the effectiveness of two different therap...

background: reducing drug-related issues less than 18 years of age and increasing population of this group of addiction emphasizes importance of educating social skills for reinforcing drug assistance self-efficiency in this social group. the study was aimed to measure impact of social skills on drug abstinence self-efficacy amongst male students in ahwaz city, southwest iran. methods: with sem...

Understanding and preventing relapse to drug use is one of the most difficult challenges faced by clinicians and practitioners in the struggle to help people remain abstinent. In this paper, we review basic preclinical research on forced abstinence periods that identify the neural substrates involved and neural adaptations that occur after a drug-free period. Our attention focuses on forced abs...

smoking is the most common addictive drug and is the main gate for other substance abuse. relapse is one of the main problems in smoking cessation programs. smoking abstinence self-efficacy plays a basic role in preventing of re-addiction or relapse after quitting smoking. the aim of this study was to construct and validate smoking abstinence self-efficacy scale for iranian population. at the f...

Human self-reports often indicate that changes in mood are a major contributor to drug relapse. Still, arguments have been made that instances of drug-seeking following abstinence in animal models (i.e. relapse/reinstatement) may be outside of hedonic control. Therefore, the present study utilized ultrasonic vocalizations in the rat in order to evaluate affect during cocaine self-administration...

The purpose of the current study was to explore ethnic differences in drug abstinence self-efficacy among recovering individuals. Levels of abstinence self-efficacy among African Americans and European Americans increased, decreased, and then increased again over the year. Drug abstinence self-efficacy remained stable over time among Latinos in this study. It is possible that, although they hav...

The probability of structural remodeling in brain circuits may be modulated by molecules perineuronal nets (PNNs) that restrict neuronal plasticity to stabilize circuits. Animal research demonstrates addictive drugs can remodel PNNs different regions, including the cerebellum. This study aimed investigate effects short versus extended access cocaine self-administration on PNN expression around ...