a paper-pot transplanter was designed, developed and evaluated in the field by transplanting sugar beet seedlings grown in paper pots. a ground-driven counter wheel equipped with an infra-red sensor measures the traveled distance and sends the corresponding signals to a micro-controller. a step motor controlled by the micro-controller turns the driving shaft of the paper-pot metering mechanism ...

in this paper, a low-cost dynamometer for rolling, steered wheels is described. the dynamometer was constructed to determine whether such an instrumented mechanism was practical. four s-beam load cells, an opto-counter and a potentiometer were used to obtain all moments, and forces using dynamic and kinematic analysis. minimal simplifying assumptions considered for the required calculations. ov...

using instrumented tractors to monitor and record spatial variations in performance parameters of tractor and implements during field operations, could improve productivity and the tractor efficiency. in the context of precision farming, this information can be used to map spatial variability of the parameters and to find the relations with changes in soil attributes (texture, moisture contents...

Size-dependent longitudinal and torsional vibrations of nano-beams are examined by two-phase mixture integral elasticity. A new and efficient elastodynamic model is conceived by convexly combining the local phase with strain- and stress-driven purely nonlocal phases. The proposed stress-driven nonlocal integral mixture leads to well-posed structural problems for any value of the scale parameter...

the majority of existing tractors in iran are not equipped with any tools to measure and display slip and ground speed. this is mainly due to the lack of national standards for measuring tools and instruments of tractors. in current research, an interchangeable system for two wheel drive tractors has been designed. furthermore, it has been assessed after construction. to measure actual and theo...

the single wheel tester is an experimental device used to measure wheel forces when studying the relation of soil and wheel in a soil bin or in the field. in the model under development, a special frame holding the test wheel is connected to a loading carriage by two pairs of vertical rails and four rollers to provide a floating connection. by applying a driving torque to the test wheel shaft, ...

This paper proposes an active steering controller for Driven Independently Rotating Wheelset (DIRW) vehicles based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL). For the two-axle railway equipped with Wheelsets (IRWs), each wheel connected to a wheel-side motor, Ape-X DDPG controller, enhanced version of Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) algorithm, is adopted. Incorporating Distributed Prioritiz...

Incidents in the Swedish railway have been observed where a significant and sudden loss of brake performance occurs winter conditions, on trains equipped with composite tread blocks (CBB). There is necessity to establish test methods that can be used for evaluation materials under well-controlled laboratory facilitate an understanding friction mechanisms between block steel wheel. This work sou...