introduction: this  research was done to comparison  directionality of drawing fixed shapes in preschoolers and primary school according to role of  handedness.   materials and methods:  in this research causality – comparison, 160 children (80 girls and 80 boys) with mean age of 7/96 in preschool and primary school selected with randomly cluster sampling. the tests were used , handedness quest...

In this paper, we present NPR techniques to convey important shapes in HDR images. Line drawing is important to convey shapes in an image to produce good illustrations for scientific purpose. The proposed method make use of the global tone mapping operator, 2D anisotropic filter, 2D modified coherence shock filter, weight parsing technique and bilateral filtering. Global tone mapping operator i...

This algorithm draws ellipses with integer centres and decimal radii on discrete devices using fixed-point arithmetic. These ellipses have both X and Y axis parallel to the coordinate axes. It uses forward differences to diminish its cost. It has a low comp utational complexity while the error is lower than traditional algorithms. This algorithm works in the squared R space (fixed-point) and tr...

In this paper we consider the problem of drawing a planar graph using circular-arcs as edges and given a one-to-one mapping between the vertices of the graph and a set of n points on the plane, where n is the number of vertices in the graph. If for every edge we have only two possible circular arcs, then there a simple reduction to 2SAT yields an O(n) algorithm to find out if a drawing with no ...

Background: Since psychological tests such as questionnaire or drawing tests are almost qualitative, their results carry a degree of uncertainty and sometimes subjectivity. The deficiency of all drawing tests is that the assessment is carried out after drawing the objects and lots of information such as pen angle, speed, curvature and pressure are missed through the test. In other words, the ps...