With a brief review of the studies on the industry in Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) framework, the present paper proposes inner and outer technologies when only some basic information is available about the technology. Furthermore, applying Linear Programming techniques, it also determines lower and upper bounds for directional distance function (DDF) measure, overall and allocative efficienc...

Two major degradations, edge displacement and comer erosion, change the appearance of bilevel images. The displacement of an edge determines stroke width, and the erosion ofa comer affects crispness. These degradations are functions of the system parameters: the point spread function (PSF) width and functional form, and the binarization threshold. Changing each of these parameters will affect a...

Cockroach antennae have been extensively used for studying the multifunctional sensory appendage that generates the olfactory, gustatory, tactile, thermal, and humidity senses. Of the variety of senses, the tactile sense is thought to play a key role for perceiving physical objects. Because most cockroach species are nocturnal, the tactile sense of the antenna would be essential to determine th...

this study was conducted to determine a relationship between energy input and yield in greenhouse basil production in esfahan province, iran. data were collected from 26 greenhouse basil producers through a face-to-face questionnaire. the data collected belonged to the production period of 2009–2010 with the following results obtained. a total energy input of 236,057 mj ha-1 was estimated to be...

the current study assessed the climate change impacts on land productivity of major food and non-food grain crops in india. we compiled panel data for 30 years (1980-2009) using fifteen crops across thirteen agriculture intensive states. the value of production for each crop is estimated by farm harvest price (at constant prices, 1993-1994). aggregate value of production on per hectare land is ...

Charles Cobb and Paul Douglas in 1928 used data from the US manufacturing sector for 1899-1922 to introduce what is known today as Cobb-Douglas production function that has been widely economic theory decades. We employ R programming language fit formulas parameters of generated by authors recently via bi-Hamiltonian approach same set utilized Douglas. conclude output elasticities total factor ...