introduction: gonadotropin inhibitory hormone (gnih) is believed to be an inhibitor of gonadotropin releasing hormone (gnrh) secretion. the role of gnih in lactational inhibition of gonadotropin secretion is not well known therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of lactation on expression of gnih in these nuclei of lactating and non-lactating rats. methods: ten postpa...

The evolution of the dorsomedial nucleus is closely associated with that of the prefrontal cortex. In man and primates this nucleus attains its highest evolutionary level in connection with the strong expansion of the prefrontal cortical lobes. Many authors (Walker 1938, 1940, Waller 1940, Bonin 1948, Pribram, Chow and Semmes 1953, Krieg 1954, ScolloLovizzari and Akert 1963, Akert 1964, Brutkow...

We have compared the reptilian dorsomedial thalamic nucleus with the mammalian paraventricular thalamic nucleus from a topographic, chemoarchitectonic, and hodological point of view. Both nuclei are localized to a similar position in the dorsalmost aspect of the dorsal thalamus (midline nuclei). They also are uniformly calretinin-immunoreactive, both their cells and neuropil are strongly immuno...

Activation of central 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A receptors powerfully inhibits stress-evoked cardiovascular responses mediated by the dorsomedial hypothalamus, as well as responses evoked by direct activation of neurons within the dorsomedial hypothalamus. The hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus also has a crucial role in cardiovascular regulation, and is believed to regulate heart rate and renal ...

The dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus is a key component of the central pathways subserving the cardiovascular response to psychological stress, which is believed to be an important risk factor for hypertension. Previous studies indicate that 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A receptors can modulate the cardiovascular responses associated with stress. In this study, we determined in anesthetized rats the ef...

Extensive studies have established that light regulates c-fos gene expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the site of an endogenous circadian clock, but relatively little is known about the expression of genes structurally related to c-fos, including fra-1, fra-2 and fosB. We analysed the photic and temporal regulation of these genes at the messenger RNA and immunoreactive protein levels in...

Leptin, a circulating hormone produced by adipose tissue, is believed to act on the hypothalamus to increase sympathetic vasomotor activity, in addition to its well-known effects on appetite and energy expenditure. In this study, we determined the cardiovascular effects of direct application of leptin to specific cell groups within the hypothalamus that are known to be activated by circulating ...

NPY is a potent orexigenic signal and represents a key component of targets through which leptin exerts a regulatory restraint on body adiposity. Part of the orexigenic effects of NPY are mediated by hypothalamic NPY-Y(1) receptors. Here we studied the effect of fasting, leptin, and glucose administration on Y(1) receptor gene expression using a transgenic mouse model carrying a mouse Y(1) rece...

Single unit activity was recorded from the thalamus of rhesus monkeys while they performed a delayed-alternation bar-pressing task. Nine units in the dorsomedial nucleus of the thalamus were activated prior to the lever presses of the contralateral hand, as indicated by an EMG of the triceps brachii muscle. In this same region, no units were found that became active during the delay period. In ...