background: premenstrual dysphoric disorder (pmdd) is a mood disorder characterized with physical and affective symptoms during the luteal phase of susceptible women. objective: the aim of this study was to investigate the association of dopamine d3 receptor ( drd3 ) polymorphism, and cannabinoid receptor type 1 ( cnr1 ) polymorphism with pmdd. materials and methods: fifty one participants with...

Substantia nigra (SN) dopamine neurons express D2 and D3 dopamine autoreceptors. A physiological role for the D3 receptor has not been identified, but an activation of G-protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK; also known as Kir3) channels is strongly implicated because D3 receptors activate channels composed of GIRK2 subunits in cell lines. We confirmed that acutely dissociated SN do...

Recent studies indicate the involvement of dopamine receptors D1 and D3 in the regulation of locomotor stimulant and conditioned responses to morphine in mice. Moreover, expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may be modulated by D1 and D3 receptor activities in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and prefrontal cortex (PFC). However, the underlying interactions between D1 and D3 recepto...

dopamine (da) is one of the main catecholamines in the brain and is crucial for movement coordination, endocrine function, reward, mood, memory and emotions. the dopaminergic system is the primary therapeutic target in the treatment of parkinson’s disease (pd), drug addiction and schizophrenia. notwithstanding, dysfunction of central dopaminergic neurotransmission has also been associated to de...

The mouse D3 dopamine receptor has been cloned from olfactory tubercle cDNA using polymerase chain reaction and has been found to exist in two alternatively spliced forms. These two mRNA isoforms differ by the presence or absence of 63 base pairs (bp), which encode 21 amino acids in the putative third cytoplasmic loop of the receptor. The longer form corresponds to the previously reported rat D...

We identified protein 4.1N as a D2-like dopamine receptor-interacting protein in a yeast two-hybrid screen. Protein 4.1N is a neuronally enriched member of the 4.1 family of cytoskeletal proteins, which also includes protein 4.1R of erythrocytes and the 4.1G and 4.1B isoforms. The interaction of protein 4.1N was specific for the D2 and D3 dopamine receptors and was independently confirmed in pu...

Descending monoaminergic systems modulate spinal cord function, yet spinal dopaminergic actions are poorly understood. Using the in vitro lumbar cord, we studied the effects of dopamine and D2-like receptor ligands on spinal reflexes in wild-type (WT) and D3-receptor knock-out mice (D3KO). Low dopamine levels (1 microM) decreased the monosynaptic "stretch" reflex (MSR) amplitude in WT animals a...

Two different 19-mer antisense oligodeoxynucleotides complementary to the initial coding regions of dopamine D2 or D3 receptor mRNA were infused unilaterally into the substantia nigra of rats for 3-6 d to suppress synthesis of D2 and/or D3 receptors on substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons, thereby producing specific reductions of D2 and/or D3 receptors. Autoradiographic receptor binding reveal...

Agonist stimulated [S]guanosine 5¢-c-thiotriphosphate ([S]GTPcS) binding autoradiography was established for the examination of dopamine-D2 ⁄D3 receptors in human brain sections. The distribution of G proteins activated by dopamine-D2 ⁄D3 receptors was studied in whole hemisphere cryosections. Dopamine stimulated [S]GTPcS binding in brain regions with high densities of dopamine D2-like receptor...

We have used a yeast two-hybrid approach to uncover protein interactions involving the D2-like subfamily of dopamine receptors. Using the third intracellular loop of the D2S and D3 dopamine receptors as bait to screen a human brain cDNA library, we identified filamin A (FLN-A) as a protein that interacts with both the D2 and D3 subtypes. The interaction with FLN-A was specific for the D2 and D3...