This article investigates whether gender imbalance may be conducive to domestic terrorism in developing countries. A female-dominated society may not provide sufficient administration, law, or order to limit domestic terrorism, especially since societies in developing countries primarily turn to males for administration, policing, and paramilitary forces. Other economic considerations support f...

This article opens the special issue by identifying themain contributions to date of the empirical and theoretical literature on terrorism. Important past theoretical articles investigated the application of game theory to study interactions among adversaries (e.g. terrorists and governments) and allies (e.g. commonly targeted governments). Past empirical articles examined the effectiveness of ...

This article reinvestigates the relationship between real per capita gross domestic product (GDP) and terrorism. We devise a terrorism Lorenz curve to show that domestic and transnational terrorist attacks are each more concentrated in middle-income countries, thereby suggesting a nonlinear income-terrorism relationship. Moreover, this point of concentration shifted to lower income countries af...

This paper finds that political freedom has a significant and non-linear effect on domestic terrorism, but this effect is not significant in the case of transnational terrorism. Some of our other novel findings are that while geography and fractionalization may limit a county’s ability to curb terrorism, the presence of strong legal institutions deters it. JEL classification codes: D74, H56

The terrorism threat is multifaceted and ever-present; this as a result of terrorism taking on all forms including Islamic, non-Islamic, foreign and domestic. After 9/11, the federal government focused on jihadists and government resources were focused on engaging foreign jihadists allowing a resurgence of non-Islamic domestic terrorism including the lone wolf terrorist (LWT). The problem is th...

in u.s. public opinion before the 11 september have defined terrorism is a unpresidented events in thire countries. but true is since two centuries ago until now, especially after secound world war, united states extremly has experienced domestic and foreign terrorist groups and their attacks. wathever it wasn’t as well as scale of the other west countries like spain, italy and britain has incu...

The Nonlinear Relationship Between Terrorism and Poverty Byline: Poverty and Terrorism Walter Enders and Gary A. Hoover The fact that most terrorist attacks are staged in low income countries seems to support the notion that poverty causes terrorism. Certainly, economic theory suggests that it would be easier for a terrorist group to recruit low-income or unemployed individuals since they have ...

Building on previous literature, we assess when foreign aid is effective in fighting terrorism using quantile regressions on a panel of 78 developing countries for the period 1984-2008. Bilteral, multilateral and total aid indicators are used whereas terrorism includes: domestic, transnational, unclear and total terrorism dynamics. We consistently establish that foreign aid (bilateral, multilat...

To enhance the preparedness of US schools to acts of terrorism and mass violence, the landscape of threats against schools must first be understood. This includes exploring the global trends of acts of terrorism against schools, as well as looking specifically at the history of terrorism and acts of mass violence against schools domestically. This paper conducts a review of two databases in ord...

Refugees’ effect on domestic terrorism is conditioned by host-country social perception (attitude about living next-door to foreigners) and economic competition. These hypotheses are tested cross-n...