Two studies evaluated effects of metabolizable energy (ME), digestible Lys (dLys), and amino acid (AA) balance on broiler performance. In experiment 1 diets contained 3 levels of ME (3,000, 3,100, and 3,200 kcal/kg) in combination with 4 levels of dLys (1.05, 1.13, 1.21, and 1.29%). A fixed proportion of dLys relative to CP and key indispensable AA was maintained in graded increments of CP from...

Four experiments were conducted to evaluate variations in the digestible lysine (DLYS) requirement estimates of broilers due to rearing environment, sex, or growth performance during the starter period (7 to 21 d) and due to sex, growth, and carcass yield characteristics during the grower period (21 to 38 d). In the first 3 experiments, chicks were allocated to either battery or floor pens. The...

Experiments were conducted to determine the digestible lysine (DLys) requirement of Liuzhou Mahua broilers from 1 to 21 d and from 22 to 42 d of age. Monofactorial design was adopted in this study. 1200 one-day-old healthy broiler chicks were divided randomly and evenly into five treatments, and were all fed with isoenergetic diet (with ME of 3.0 Mcal/kg) but with graded levels of DLys: 1.22%, ...

In a dose-response study, dietary levels of standardized ileal digestible methionine (dMet), lysine (dLys), and threonine (dThr) were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) using a central composite rotatable design in starting broiler chicks that were feed-deprived 2 d posthatch. In total, 60 floor pens of 6 birds each were assigned to 15 diets of central composite rotatable design co...

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the prevalence and severity of white striping (WS) and wooden breast (WB) in breast fillets from broilers fed diets with increasing digestible Lysine (dLys) from 12 to 28 d (Exp. 1) and from 28 to 42 d (Exp. 2). Trials were sequentially conducted using one-d-old male, slow-feathering Cobb 500 × Cobb broilers, both with 6 treatments and 8 replicates. In...

Digestible lysine (dLys) and digestible threonine (dThr) are considered to be the second and third limiting amino acids (AA) after sulfur containing amino acids (dTSAA) for broilers fed corn-soybean meal-based diets. Diets formulated to meet the AA requirements of modern broiler strains are required to maximize performance. Currently, nutritionists formulate poultry diets using the ideal protei...

The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of DDGS sources differing in quality to growingfinishing pigs on growth performance and carcass characteristics. Pigs (n = 448; BW = 62.7 ± 0.11 kg) were fed one of 4 experimental diets (14 pens/treatment; 8 pigs/pen) using a 2-phase feeding program to a final BW of 115.8 ± 0.23 kg. Diets consisted of a corn-soybean meal diet (CON), and diets ...

Ghrelin is a recently described acylated peptide, which works as a somatosecretagogue and has described effects on the smooth, skeletal and cardiac muscle. We examined the production and effects of ghrelin on relaxation of the iris muscles. Contractile effects of 1-5 human ghrelin (frGhr, 10(-9)-6 x 10(-5)M) and 1-5 human des-octanoyl-ghrelin (d-frGhr; 10(-9)-6 x 10(-5)M) were tested on iris ra...

We report evidence that the enzyme transglutaminase (glutaminyl-peptide gamma-glutamyltransferase; R-glutaminyl-peptide:amine gamma-glutamyltransferase, EC2.3.2.13) participates in receptor-mediated endocytosis. Clustering and internalization of rhodamine-labeled alpha 2-macroglobulin (R alpha 2 M) in normal rat kidney (NRK) cells is inhibited by a wide spectrum of compounds that inhibit transg...

The Cobb × Cobb 500 slow-feathering male is a fast early-growth broiler grown under variable feeding programs and amino acid (AA) densities. An experiment was conducted using diets with increased ideal protein densities in a feeding program of 1 to 7 d, 8 to 21 d, 22 to 35d, and 36 to 42 d. Diets had ratios between essential digestible (D) AA and DLys (DAA:DLys) as follows: TSAA, 75%; DThr, 65%...