presence of distributed generation (dg) in electric distribution systems provides an attractive new alternative in capacity expansion planning of these systems. in this paper a new model is developed for solving simultaneous placement of hv/mv substations and dg units as a static planning tool. this model aims to minimize fixed and variable costs of planning. constraints related to dgs, substat...

this paper develops a model for distribution network expansion planning (dnep) considering reliability issues. with simultaneous switch placement and dnep, the proposed model tries to adequately consider the reliability issues in the planning stage in a way that the designed network has suitable performance from the reliability viewpoint. the reinforcement or installation of mv feeders and hv/m...

regarding the nature of non-linear discrete placement, and in order to determine the optimal capacity of the substation, the goal in the present study will be a number of local optimum points. in this research, the problem of optimal placement posts to reduce power losses by considering distributed generation (dg). in formulating the objective function, geographical distribution density in the ...

introduction: the selection of suitable beam angles and weights in external-beam radiotherapy is at present generally based upon the experience of the planner. therefore, automated selection of beam angles and weights in forward-planned radiotherapy will be beneficial. material and methods: in this work, an efficient method is presented within the matlab environment to investigate how to improv...