for the gas stream in the distillation unit. Coagulation of the beer samples, especially when running a large number of samples, can arise in the distillation unit. Coagulation interferes with the smooth flow of sample through the distillation unit and gives erratic results. Coagulation was prevented by mixing the sample with a M potassium hydroxide solution (Figure 2) before pumping it into th...

E nergy costs are the largest percentage of a hydrocarbon plant’s operating expenditures. This is especially true of the distillation process, which requires substantial energy consumption. Concerns over recent high costs and economic pressures continually emphasise the need for efficient distillation design and operation without a loss of performance. This article illustrates how energy-effici...

the propose of this paper is to introduce a new model for crude oil fouling in preheat trains of crude distillation unit. the experimental results of australian light crude oil with the tube side surface temperatures between 200-260 oc and fluid velocity ranged 0.25 to 0.4m/s were used. the activation energy of chemical reaction depends on the surface temperature has been calculated.  the model...

Reactive distillation has received intense attention due to the well known benefits of integrating distillation with reaction in a single unit. While there are procedures available for the synthesis of non-reactive columns and of reaction-separation systems, the design of reactive distillation columns is still a challenge. This work presents a new synthesis and design methodology for reactive d...

In the synthesis of 18F-FDG by the nucleophilic substitution method, 18O-H2O is usually used as target water. The target water should be recovered after synthesis and reused, because it is expensive, but recovered water contains impurities such as organic substances, and it must be purified before reuse. For this reason Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd. developed an O-18 water purifier for elimin...

Reactive distillation processes couple chemical reactions and physical separations into a single unit operation. The ethyl acetate production by esterification reaction is equilibrium limited and is suitable to be carried out in a distillation column. In the present work, a reactive distillation column for the production of ethyl acetate is simulated using Aspen Plus. The component compositions...

An experimental steam distillation unit has been designed, built, and tested for the extraction of essential oils from peppermint and spearmint. The unit, using a 130-gal (510-liter) distillation tank, is intermediate in size between laboratoryscale extractors and commercial-sized distilleries, yet provides oil in sufficient quantity for industrial evaluation. The entire apparatus-a dieselfuel-...

Further Reading Geankoplis CJ (1993) Transport Processes and Unit Operations. New Jersey: PTR Prentice Hall. King CJ (1980) Separation Processes. New York:McGrawHill. Kister HZ (1992) Distillation Design. New York: McGraw-Hill. Seader JD and Henley EJ (1998) Separation Process Principles. New York: John Wiley. Stichlmair JG and Fair JR (1998)Distillation Principles and Practice. New York: Wiley...