fictional names have been one of the most important and serious topics in the contemporary philosophy of language and metaphysics.several questions such as “do fictional names refer to any objects?” “are fictional characters existent objects?” have resulted in a considerable literature of philosophy. in this essay, we will follow two objectives. first we will describe and elaborate the ideas ...

2 I. According to some formulations of the theory of Direct Reference the semantic value, relative to a context of utterance, of rigid singular terms such as proper names and indexicals is just their referent. This position seems to preclude an accurate account of such terms as they behave in natural languages, since it is easy to construct examples of coreferential rigid singular terms embedde...

Abstract In his paper on the incompleteness theorems, Gödel seemed to say that a direct way of constructing formula says itself it is unprovable might involve faulty circularity. this note, proved ‘direct’ self-reference can actually be used prove result.

in this paper a comprehensive approach is presented to improve power swings damping based on direct lyapunov method. the approach combines superconducting magnetic energy storage (smes) system with static synchronous compensator (statcom). considering the energy absorption/injection ability of smes, in transient states the combination exchanges both active and reactive powers with power system....

In this paper a comprehensive approach is presented to improve power swings damping based on direct Lyapunov method. The approach combines superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) system with static synchronous compensator (STATCOM). Considering the energy absorption/injection ability of SMES, in transient states the combination exchanges both active and reactive powers with power system....