The Persian Garden has had various functions during its history and has been host to numerous events. Henceforth, in addition to the main building of the garden, it is essential to examine other structures in it as well. The Nazar Garden of Shiraz, dating from at least the Zand period, has always been the key garden in the Zandieh complex, which has gone through many functional modifications th...

Having studied mathematics and mining engineering abroad, Mirza Nazem was one of the first Iranian scholars in Europe and a very successful technocrat of Qajar era. He was a man of discipline and sheer will who was very professional in his field of action and enjoyed writing. He was also trusted by both Naser al-Din Shah and Mozaffar al-Din Shah, which allowed him to gain numerous administrativ...

After the death of Sheikh Safi al-Din Ardabili in 735 AH. / 1335 AD., his mausoleum was developed by his son and his successor, Sheikh Sadr al-Din Musa, and later expanded, especially during the reign of Safavid Shah Tahmasb I and Shah Abbas I. The hymn of "Allah Allah" is the most remarkable hymns in the tower of the mausoleum of Sheikh Safi al-Din Ardabili, so that it is often referred to as ...

Wall painting stands among the prominent art media for displaying royal themes in Qajar era. There were many murals in the palaces and buildings of that period now mostly destroyed, however descriptions or pictures of which are available in historical texts to study and observe. The royal (New Year) reception wall painting of Fath Ali Shah in Negarestan palace and that of Naser ad-Din Shah in N...

قرن نوزده قرن انقلابات در اروپا بود و سرعت پیشرفت صنعت و علوم باور کردنی نبود ایرانیان مقیم اروپا برای ترویج آنچه دیده بودند شاه و دربار را به فرنگ بردند ناصرالدین شاه اولین پادشاه در تاریخ جدید بود که به فرنگ سفر نمود شاه ایران ظاهرا ترقی خواه بود اما با توجه به شرایط و جامعه سنتی و روحیه استبدادی شاه نتوانست کاری برای جامعه انجام دهد اما سفر فرنگ مظفرالدین شاه نتایج پرباری داشت وچشم اطرافیان ...

Sheikh Safi al-Din Ardabili and Shah Isma’il I Safavid grave boxes are from the wooden works of Timurid and Safavid eras respectively. Their current location is the tomb of Sheikh Safi al-Din Ardabili, located in Ardabil. These two grave boxes provide a context to implement various decorations of geometric, herbaceous, petroglyphs, and wood-related techniques, that their identifying and analyzi...

concubine of naser-ai-din shah, monir-ai-saltane, gave birth to kamran mirza nayeb-ai-saltane in 1856, she was a talented lady. every year in the birth anniversary of hazrat zahra (pbuh), monir arranged a splendid cer­emony. kamran mirza was chosen as viceroy to naser-ai-din shah's regin, when he was three. again, in 1861, six-year-old k amran appointed to tehran's governorship. in 18...

naser al din shah's period, was the begining of various political, social, and economic re­forms, and a prelude to establishment of numerous institutions, headed by the shah. he was inclined to form civic institutions similar to the west. hence, apart from active roles of dutiful chancellors such as amir kabir and mirza hasan moshir al dowle, the shah himself was interested in such centers...