From among art history written sources in Iran, one can enumerate two prefaces in the Safavid era were written by a decade interval. One preamble is Doust Mohammad Gvashany’s on Bahram Mirza Album (952 AH) and the other is that written by Qutb al-Din Muhammad Shah Tahmasp Album (964 AH). Many authors in the Safavid era, exploited directly and/or indirectly these two prefaces ‘ conte...

abstract: sayyed mohammad tabatabaee is accounted as one of the effective persons in iran contemporaneoushistory and his role in the events of iran constitution revolution is inevitable. sayyed mohammad tabatabaee from the time of naser al din shah qajar and arrival to iran, informed of the advantages and the basis of constitution, was in the thought of making the iran rule as a constituti...

The Persian Garden has had various functions during its history and has been host to numerous events. Henceforth, in addition to the main building of the garden, it is essential to examine other structures in it as well. The Nazar Garden of Shiraz, dating from at least the Zand period, has always been the key garden in the Zandieh complex, which has gone through many functional modifications th...

  Iran is an ancient country with very rich culture, art, and history.  People who reside there have different cultures and religions. One of the most important and classical art in Iran is carpet which dates return to many years ago. This art has an appropriate background to presents images and symbols that show beliefs, traditions, social changes, religious thought and etc. By various images...

concubine of naser-ai-din shah, monir-ai-saltane, gave birth to kamran mirza nayeb-ai-saltane in 1856, she was a talented lady. every year in the birth anniversary of hazrat zahra (pbuh), monir arranged a splendid cer­emony. kamran mirza was chosen as viceroy to naser-ai-din shah's regin, when he was three. again, in 1861, six-year-old k amran appointed to tehran's governorship. in 18...

naser al din shah's period, was the begining of various political, social, and economic re­forms, and a prelude to establishment of numerous institutions, headed by the shah. he was inclined to form civic institutions similar to the west. hence, apart from active roles of dutiful chancellors such as amir kabir and mirza hasan moshir al dowle, the shah himself was interested in such centers...

قرن نوزده قرن انقلابات در اروپا بود و سرعت پیشرفت صنعت و علوم باور کردنی نبود ایرانیان مقیم اروپا برای ترویج آنچه دیده بودند شاه و دربار را به فرنگ بردند ناصرالدین شاه اولین پادشاه در تاریخ جدید بود که به فرنگ سفر نمود شاه ایران ظاهرا ترقی خواه بود اما با توجه به شرایط و جامعه سنتی و روحیه استبدادی شاه نتوانست کاری برای جامعه انجام دهد اما سفر فرنگ مظفرالدین شاه نتایج پرباری داشت وچشم اطرافیان ...

Iran and Ottoman relations had started from the victory of Timūr Gurkānī on Bayezid I, the Ottoman king, in the battle of Ankara in 804. These relations continued with a mixture of peace and war until the end of the Qajar dynasty. The relations between Iran and the Ottoman during the Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar period have not been much considered due to the new political and social interactions in...