The non-orthogonal boundary-fitted coordinate transformation method is applied to the solution of steady three-dimensional momentum and energy equations in laminar flow to obtain temperature field and Nusselt numbers in the thermal entry region of straight ducts of different cross sectional geometries. The conservation equations originally written in Cartesian coordinates are parabolized in the...

A numerical investigation of entropy generation in laminar forced convection of gas flow over a backward facing step in a horizontal duct under bleeding condition is presented. For calculation of entropy generation from the second law of thermodynamics in a forced convection flow, the velocity and temperature distributions are primary needed. For this purpose, the three-dimensional Cartesian co...

Typically machine vision systems estimate ranges using stereoscopic vision systems or specialized range detectors. Although these methods are effective, they are expensive. In this paper, a single camera range estimation algorithm is developed for a low-cost machine vision system that uses off-the-shelf components. This algorithm uses the perspective transformation and a priori knowledge of sce...

in this paper, a new method for determining position and orientation of a coordinate system using its image is presented. this coordinate system is a three dimensional non-orthogonal system in respect to the two dimensional and orthogonal camera coordinate system.  in real world, it’s exactly easy to select three directions on an object so that they don’t be orthogonal and on a plane. the image...

Visualizing functions is an omnipresent task in many sciences and almost every day we are confronted with diagrams in newspapers and magazines showing functions of all possible flavours. Usually such functions are visualized by plotting their function graph inside an appropriate coordinate system, with the probably most prominent choice being the cartesian coordinate system. This allows us to g...

In this study, three-dimensional simulations are presented for laminar forced convection flow of a radiating gas over a backward-facing step in rectangular duct. The fluid is treated as a gray, absorbing, emitting and scattering medium. The three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system is used to solve the governing equations which are conservations of mass, momentum and energy. These equations...

This paper introduces a new group of multi-dimensional coordinate spaces. The main objective is to visualize n-dimensions in the same graphical space and time. This paper is divided into three parts. The first part shows the literature review about dimension and coordinate systems (Cartesian plane and coordinate space). The second part will present how the multi-dimensional coordinate spaces wo...

a fundamental topic in computational fluid dynamics is the role of coordinate particularly for searching optimized coordinates. the objective of this study is the numerical modeling of supersonic flows using a new coordinate system i.e. unified coordinate system (ucs) uses moving mesh with motionless viewing window technique. ucs has an advantage over traditional coordinate systems (eulerian an...