The discovery of polyurethane [PU] dates back to the year 1937 by Otto Bayer and his coworkers at the laboratories of I.G. Farben in Leverkusen, Germany. The initial works focussed on PU products obtained from aliphatic diisocyanate and diamine forming polyurea, till the interesting properties of PU obtained from an aliphatic diisocyanate and glycol, were realized. Polyisocyanates became commer...

BACKGROUND The loop diuretic frusemide has been shown to inhibit the bronchoconstrictor response to exercise, inhaled allergen, distilled water, adenosine, and sodium metabisulphite. Toluene diisocyanate contracts smooth muscle by activating capsaicin sensitive nerves and causes asthma that shares many features with allergen induced asthma. METHODS The study was designed to assess the effect ...

BACKGROUND Offspring of asthmatic mothers have increased risk of developing asthma, based on human epidemiologic data and experimental animal models. The objective of this study was to determine whether maternal allergy at non-pulmonary sites can increase asthma risk in offspring. METHODS BALB/c female mice received 2 topical applications of vehicle, dinitrochlorobenzene, or toluene diisocyan...

On July 4, 2014, the Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) released the draft document, Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate Reference Exposure Levels: Technical Support Document for the Derivation of Noncancer Reference Exposure Levels to solicit public comment. Responses to comments received on the draft methylene diphenyl diisocyanate reference exposure levels (RELs) are provid...

in this study, rice husk and sodium silicate solution were used to produce particleboards. sodium silicate was used as bonding aid by 25, 20, 15, 10, 5 and zero percent (based on rice husk dry weight). to modify the mechanism of bondability, one percent of 4,4’-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (mdi) was added for every five percent less sodium silicate solution. the effect of diisocyanate on bondab...

Isocyanate exposure in the workplace has been linked to asthma and allergic rhinitis. Recently, investigators have proposed that Th2 cytokine responses in lymph nodes draining the site of dermal application of chemicals including isocyanates may be used to identify sensitizers that cause asthma-like responses. The purpose of this study was to determine if the cytokine profile induced after derm...

Cytokine profiling of local lymph node responses has been proposed as a simple test to identify chemicals, such as low molecular weight diisocyanates, that pose a significant risk of occupational asthma. Previously, we reported cytokine messenger RNA (mRNA) profiles for dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) and six isocyanates: toluene diisocyanate, diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate, dicyclohexylmethane-...

1.1 Chemical and physical data 1.1.1 Nomenclature Chem. Abstr. Serv. Reg. No.: (a) 101-68-8 (monomer) and (b) 26447-40-5 Chem. Abstr. Name: 1,1′-Methylenebis(4-isocyanatobenzene) IUPAC Systematic Names: For 101-68-8: isocyanic acid, methylenedi-paraphenylene ester Synonyms: Bis(1,4-isocyanatophenyl)methane; diphenylmethane diisocyanate; MDI; methylenedi-para-phenylene isocyanate and for 26447-4...