The multicomponent reaction of 2-nitroacetophenone (or nitroacetone), acetaldehyde diethyl acetal, ?-dicarbonyl compound, and ammonium acetate in an acetic acid solution allowed the acquisition previously undescribed 4-methyl-substituted derivatives 5-nitro-1,4-dihydropyridine satisfactory yields. oxidation obtained resulted corresponding 2,4-dimethyl-5-nitropyridines. In addition, for first ti...

In the present paper, a direct quenching of radical species by a number of synthesized nitrosoaryl 1,4-dihydropyridines and their parent nitroaryl 1,4-dihydropyridines was determined in aqueous media at pH 7.4. These two series of compounds were compared with the C-4 unsubstituted 1,4-dihydropyridines derivatives and the corresponding C-4 aryl substituted 1,4-dihydropyridines derivatives. Kinet...

Highly functionalized multisubstituted 1,4-dihydropyridines 5 have been concisely synthesized in moderate to good yields via L-proline-catalyzed one-pot multicomponent reactions (MCRs) of alkynoates or alkynones 1, amines 2, beta-dicarbonyl compounds 3 and aldehydes 4 under mild conditions. The MCR process involves hydroamination/Knoevenagel condensation/Michael-type addition/intramolecular cyc...

Gold-catalysed, divergent synthesis of 2-sulfonylmethyl pyrroles and dihydropyridines from N-propargyl-N-vinyl sulfonamides has been achieved. Echavarren's gold(I) catalyst promoted the formation of pyrrole derivatives whereas the combination of PPh3AuCl and AgSbF6 afforded dihydropyridines. The aza-enyne precursors for the cycloisomerisation reaction were prepared by a base-mediated formal vin...

During the positive-ion mode electrospray ionization mass spectrometry analysis of 1,4-diphenyl-3-benzoyl-1,4-dihydropyridines with methanol as the solvent, the major ion generated is one mass unit lower than the analyte, which can be rationalized as the oxidative aromatization of 1,4-dihydropyridines to pyridine cations.

Copper-catalyzed 6-endo cyclization of N-propargylic β-enaminocarbonyls was developed for the synthesis of oxidation-labile 1,6-dihydropyridines. This synthetic method allows flexible and regio-defined assembly of various substituents at the N1, C2, C3, C4, and C6 positions of 1,6-dihydropyridines under mild conditions.

Pacemaking activity in adult substantia nigra (SN) dopamine neurons relies on L-type Ca2+ channels, but a surprising study in Nature by Chan et al. demonstrates that blockade of these channels by dihydropyridines re-establishes the pacemaking driven by sodium and HCN channels found in juvenile SN. This shift protects SN neurons in chemical models of Parkinson's disease (PD), suggesting that ele...

An efficient three component reaction with enaminones, primary amines and aldehydes resulted in easy access to 1,4-dihydropyridines with different substituents at the 1-, 3-, 4- and 5-positions. Microwaves improved the reaction yield, reducing also considerably the reaction time and the amount of solvent used. Chiral primary amines gave chiral 1-substituted-1,4-dihydropyridines. The 4-(1-naphth...

Depolarization of NG108-15 (neuroblastoma-glioma) cells causes an increase in 45Ca2+ influx. This effect is blocked by low concentrations of dihydropyridines such as nitrendipine and by other blockers of voltage-sensitive calcium channels such as D-600, diltiazem, and Cd2+. Two other dihydropyridines, BAY K8644 and CGP 28392, have the opposite effect. Low concentrations of these compounds enhan...

The crucial role of L-type Ca2+ channels in the initiation of cardiac and smooth muscle contraction has made them major therapeutic targets for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. L-type channels share a common pharmacological profile, including high-affinity voltage- and frequency-dependent block by the phenylalkylamines, the benz(othi)azepines, and the dihydropyridines. These drugs are t...