New cyclic n-digit Gray codes are constructed over {0, 1, . . . , R − 1} for all R,n ≥ 2. These codes have the property that the distribution of the digit changes (transition counts) is close to uniform: For every n ≥ 2, the number of occurrences of each digit in the n-digit codes is within R-1 of the average Rn/n, and for the 2-digit codes every transition count is either bR2/2c or dR2/2e.

Information about medical conditions are obtained from individuals in the survey who are asked to write about their current medical condition and health history, including when their medical problems began. For each medical event (e.g., doctor visit or prescription drug purchase), individuals are asked about the medical conditions that gave rise to the event. Professional coders take the inform...

economic sanctions appear to be a common feature of political interactions between states. economic sanctions have become increasingly important as alternative to military conflict since the last decade of twentieth century. this paper provides, through a gravity model, an estimation of the impact of economic sanctions on bilateral trade flows between iran and its major trading partners during ...

The SNARC (Spatial Numerical Association of Response Codes) effect is the finding that small numbers elicit faster left than right responses and large numbers elicit faster right than left responses. This effect suggests that numbers activate left-right magnitude-laterality codes and that these codes interact with the selection of left-right responses. In the present research, subjects made par...

To compare two Bayesian methods (Fuzzy and Naïve) for classifying injury narratives in large administrative databases into event cause groups, a dataset of 14 000 narratives was randomly extracted from claims filed with a worker's compensation insurance provider. Two expert coders assigned one-digit and two-digit Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Injury and Illness Classification ev...

Novel information hiding for digital images based on binary encoding methods and pixel scrambling techniques is presented. First, a pixel scrambling technique is used to rearrange the pixels of a covert image to form a scrambled matrix by using a specified scrambling rule. Then, the gray values of all the pixels in the scrambled matrix are sequentially transformed into many sets of eight-digit ...

New cyclic n-digit Gray codes are constructed over {0, 1, . . . , R − 1} for all R ≥ 2, n ≥ 3. These codes have the property that the distribution of digit changes (transition counts) between two successive elements is close to uniform. For R = 2, the construction and proof are simpler than earlier balanced cyclic binary Gray codes. For R ≥ 3 and n ≥ 2, every transition count is within 2 of the...

firm size and its impact on the firm performance examined in all of economics historical periods from different point of view. meanwhile, productivity is one the most important performance index for each firm, therefore so many studies tries to survey firm size impact on it. in iran also, economics literature replete with productivity studies but the impact of size on it rarely seen between the...

Readers may have noticed problems on practice computer systems when searching for codes associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This is due to anomalies in the Read Code System. The Read Code System is based on a branching tree system with progressive refining of accuracy of terms with each level of the tree and addition of a further digit to the code. The first digit is either a letter o...