objectives: the purpose of this study was to compare scapular kinematics during elevation phase of abduction, flexion, and scapular plane elevation phase between fifteen persons with shoulder impingement syndrome (sis) and thirteen persons without it. methods: values of scapular kinematics include scapular superior and lateral translations, upward rotation, external rotation, and posterior tipp...

In the pigeon, as in other members of the three groups of vertebrates which have developed advanced powers of flight—the birds, bats and pterosaurs—the bending and torsional strength of the proximal part of the wing lies in the humerus and radio-ulna. The humerus runs obliquely back from the shoulder joint to the elbow, and from there the radio-ulna runs obliquely forward to the wrist. In fligh...

HYPOTHESIS AND BACKGROUND Narrowing of the subacromial space has been implicated in several shoulder pathologies. However, the location of the minimum distance points during clinical testing has not been defined. We sought to measure the in vivo minimum distance and location of the minimum distance points on the acromion and proximal humerus during arm elevation. METHODS Eight healthy male su...