people with diabetes mellitus have a high risk of anxiety and stress and anxiety is higher in patients with diabetes who have long-term complication. the aim of this study was to assess and compare the prevalence of anxiety and stress in diabetic patients with and without complication attending to diabetes clinic of ebn sina hospital of delfan, iran. in this descriptive-comparative study, 239 t...

diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases caused by a combination of insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion by pancreatic β cell. in 2007, 246 million people (roughly 6%) were affected by diabetes worldwide and it is estimated that this will increase to 380 million in 2025. diabetes is associated with several long-term complications such as cardiovascular disease, nephropath...

conclusions in critically ill patients, the symptoms of hypophosphatemia may not be apparent, but clinicians should be vigilant about this complication during therapy. in cases of severe symptoms (e.g., cardiopulmonary distress, anemia and thrombocytopenia, or rhabdomyolysis), phosphate therapy under close surveillance is warranted. introduction although asymptomatic hypophosphatemia is a commo...

patients with diabetes mellitus (dm), experience significant morbidity and mortality from microvascular retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy. hyperglycemia can induce diabetic complications through multiple pathways. activation of protein kinase c (pkc) by hyperglycemia is one of the pathways which causes diabetic complications. effect of nifedipine (a calcium channel blocker), and polymyxin...

background: overexpression of lectin-like low density lipoprotein (lox-1) receptor plays an important role in hyperglycemia-induced vascular complications such as atherosclerosis. based on the beneficial effects of exercise on preventing cardiovascular complications of diabetes, we aimed to examine the protective effects of aerobic exercise on expression of lox-1 receptor and production of free...

diabetic retinopathy is the lead among causes of blindness in north america. glucose-induced endothelial injury is the most important cause of diabetic retinopathy and other vascular complications. extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (erk5), also known as big mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (bmk1), is a member of mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapk) family. physiologically, it is cri...