to study the feasibility of anaerobic filter in raw sewage and slaughter house wastewater treatment, slaughter house wastewater treatment, a batch flow pilot plant was designed. in phase one, with a detention time of 3-days and no mixing, the maximum reduction in cod was 23%. in the second phase, with a detention time of 2-days and complete mixing, glucose was added to the raw sewage, the reduc...

OBJECTIVE To determine the health status of people in Australian immigration detention centres and the effect of time in, and reason for, detention. DESIGN, SETTING AND SUBJECTS An analysis of the health records of 720 of the 7375 people in detention in the financial year 1 July 2005-30 June 2006, with oversampling of those detained for > 3 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Health encounters an...

ike all rich nations, Australia has experienced an increase in people crossing its national borders without the documents authorising them to do so. Since 1992, Australia has had a policy of mandatory detention for these people. About a third of the people in immigration detention are asylum seekers who are requesting sanctuary under the 1951 United Nations Convention Relating to the Status of ...

secondary clarifiers with large areas are widely applied in wastewater treatment plants. a pilot study was conducted to examine the possibility of applying one and two-stage inclined tube settlers instead of conventional secondary clarifiers. tube diameter in the first stage of the two-stage settler was wide as the conventional ones, but in the second stage, it was narrow to improve the efficie...

background: ocsillator system is recognized by many water plant treatment designers for having many advantages, such as combination of mixing processes, flocculation and sedimentation processes in the same unit, the possibility of softening and lucidity simultaneously, and relatively acceptable efficiency. despite using this process in number of the regions in the country, enough researches hav...

15 years after Brazil adopted one of Latin America's most progressive juvenile justice laws, substantially reflecting the guarantees contained in the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), the country's juvenile detention centres continue to be grossly deficient. Many facilities are decaying, filthy, and dangerously overcrowded, failing to meet basic standards of health and hygiene (se...

BACKGROUND Most literature on psychological consequences of torture is related to prolonged detention. Psychological consequences of intensive physical and psychological torture in brief detention have not been investigated. The aim of this study is to analyse the psychological impact of torture in short-term incommunicado detention. METHOD A sample of 45 Basque people who had allegedly been ...

OBJECTIVE To document the psychiatric status of a near complete sample of children and their families from one ethnic group held for an extended period of time in a remote immigration detention facility in Australia. METHOD Structured psychiatric interviews were administered by three same-language speaking psychologists by phone to assess the lifetime and current psychiatric disorders among 1...