I treat despotism as a virtual concept. Thus it is necessary to expose its actualizations even when appears opposite, refusing recognize itself despotism. define initially arbitrary rule, in terms of monstrous transgression the law. But since monster grounded very formlessness, cannot be demonstrated. However, one can always try de-monstrate through disagreements. In doing this, deal with not s...

the purpose of this study is to examine the meaning transformation of despotism signifier from safavid era to the rising of iranian despotism discourse in qajar era. the method is archaeology and the study is focused on the relations of the meaning transformation with discourse practices. pre-modern texts were investigated for the significance of despotism. the results suggested that these sign...

In this paper, I investigate the relevance of recent work in reproductive skew theory to explanations of the evolution of social stratification in human societies. I briefly review human social evolution and corresponding increases in stratification, as well as recent developments in skew theory. I then attempt to integrate basic factors that have been a focus of interest by skew theorists to p...