Critical, creative, and flexible thinking is one of the educational priorities in 21st Century, at a time which world showing its most ephemeral uncertain side. In this sense, visible fundamental tool for achieving more significant meaningful learning. The VESS (Meaningful Life with Balance Wisdom) model, considering how we learn, provides different tools, such as aforementioned, facilitate Thu...

Model theory is a branch of mathematical logic that investigates the logical properties of mathematical structures. It has been quite successfully applied to computational complexity resulting in an area of research called descriptive complexity theory. Descriptive complexity is essentially a syntactical characterization of complexity classes using logical formalisms. However, there are still m...

We show that a logical framework, based around a fragment of existential second-order logic formerly proposed by others so as to capture the class of polynomially-bounded P-optimisation problems, cannot hope to do so, under the assumption that P 6= NP. We do this by exhibiting polynomially-bounded maximisation and minimisation problems that can be expressed in the framework but whose decision v...

An experimental study and mathematical analysis of the corneal reflex test was undertaken in spectacle wearers. In the experimental study, photographs were taken of the corneal reflex through spectacles and the conversion ratios determined as measured in degrees/mm. In the mathematical analysis, the magnification effect of the lens was elucidated by three methods: geometrical analysis; real mea...

Periodontal ligament is a thin layer of soft tissue that connects root of a tooth to the surrounding alveolar bone. These ligaments play an important role in initiating tooth movement when loads are applied to teeth with orthodontic appliances. The majority of such soft tissues exhibit as viscoelastic bodies or have a time-dependent behavior. Due to the viscoelastic behavior of the periodontal ...