Lunar impact craters are important for studying lunar surface morphology because they are the most typical morphological units of the Moon. Impact crater descriptive indices can be used to describe morphological features and thus provide direct evidence for both the current state and evolution history of the Moon. Current description methods for lunar impact craters are predominantly qualitativ...

Abstract Background and purpose: Although management fashions have been discussed for nearly 30 years, a certain amount of time had to pass before the discussions were based on factual data. This research mainly aims trace approaches in some selected international indices over half century. In this study, basic question how historical course has developed answered by following development cours...

Distance to school and car ownership were principal determinants of car travel. After adjustment for these factors, children at independent schools were still more likely to travel by car. Parental fear about “stranger danger” also influenced the decision to drive children to school. Although few translated questionnaires were requested, the study population adequately represented the ethnic di...

The traditional approach to measuring segregation is based upon descriptive, non-model-based indices. A recently proposed alternative is multilevel modeling. The authors further develop the argument for a multilevel modeling approach by first describing and expanding upon its notable advantages, which include an ability to model segregation at a number of scales simultaneously. The authors then...

Net reclassification indices have recently become popular statistics for measuring the prediction increment of new biomarkers. We review the various types of net reclassification indices and their correct interpretations. We evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of quantifying the prediction increment with these indices. For predefined risk categories, we relate net reclassification indices...

Four common similarity indices used in multivariate descriptive techniques, such as classifications and trellis diagrams, are compared over a range of overlap from 100 to 10 % to a theoretical standard. Only the Bray-Curtis Index (also known as Czekanowski's Quantitative Index, Proportional Similarity and a variety of other names) was found to reflect accurately true similarity. The other indic...

From a study of values of indices c 2 , g 2 and s 2 in the statistical reduction method and the k-index in Zwicky's subsequent division method applied to the same population, it is concluded that indices of the same general type of clustering, but formulated in different ways mathematically, sometimes lead to opposite results. The pattern of clustering of galaxies is by no means intrinsically e...