A dependent-samples t test (a.k.a. matched or paired-samples, matched-pairs, samples, or subjects, simple repeated-measures or within-groups, or correlated groups) assesses whether the mean difference between paired/matched observations is significantly different from zero. That is, the dependent-samples t test procedure evaluates whether there is a significant difference between the means of t...

this study investigates the effectiveness of the antinociceptive effects of diclofenac, an nsaid, on the nociceptive behavior of morphine-treated rats on formalin test.rats were treated with morphine-containing drinking water for twenty one days, which induced morphine dependence. the antinociceptive effects of 8, 16, and 32 mg/kg doses of diclofenac were then evaluated and compared with distil...

introduction: the aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in camp and some other cellular ingredients following adenyl cyclase activation in paragigantocellularis (pgi) neurons of morphine dependent and withdrawn rats. material and methods: the 3.5 mm thick brainstem slice prepared from pgi area (-10.04 to -13.24 from bregma) of control and morphine dependent rats (n=5 in each group). wer...

Drug development struggles with high costs and time consuming processes. Hence, a need for new strategies has been accentuated by many stakeholders in drug development. This study proposes the use of pharmacometric models to rationalize drug development. Two simulated examples, within the therapeutic areas of acute stroke and type 2 diabetes, are utilized to compare a pharmacometric model-based...

BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is a worldwide increasing health problem of which type 2 diabetes is the most prevalent. Previously considered as a problem of industrialised countries, diabetes is currently a huge concern in developing countries and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is one of the sub-Saharan countries with a high prevalence rate of diabetes. Deficit of knowledge has alrea...