the effect of grain size, tailwater depth and grain froude number on local scour caused by submerged horizontal jets issuing below a sluice gate was investigated. noncohesive sediments with two gradations downstream of a horizontal apron were used in the experiments. the experiments were carried out at different inflow froude numbers and a range of tailwater depth from low to high submergence. ...

Series of laboratory tests were carried out to study the extent of scour caused by a three-dimensional wall jets exiting from a square cross-section nozzle and into a non-cohesive sand beds. Previous observations have indicated that the effect of the tail water depth was significant for densimetric Froude number greater than ten. However, the present results indicate that the cut off value coul...

abstract study of turbidity current hydrodynamics plays an important role in increasing the economical life of dams though reduction in sediment accumulation. in the present experimental study, the effect of entrance densimetric froude number of turbidity current in sub and super critical conditions (fr =0.6-3.5) have been tested through effect of channel slope and change related to opening hei...

Prediction of the scour around a group of pile in the field exposed to oscillatory waves is very important for many offshore structure and coastal engineering projects. Conventional predictive formulas for the geometric properties of scour hole, however, are not able to provide sufficiently accurate results. In this paper the ANNs approach is used to predict the scour depth around pile group us...

The limiting velocity in open channels to prevent long-term sedimentation is predicted in this paper using a powerful soft computing technique known as Extreme Learning Machines (ELM). The ELM is a single Layer Feed-forward Neural Network (SLFNN) with a high level of training speed. The dimensionless parameter of limiting velocity which is known as the densimetric Froude number (Fr) is predicte...

The pier scour process is normally intensified in the presence of an ice cover, which poses risks to longevity and safety bridges. In present study, impact densimetric Froude number, locations, spacing side-by-side piers on local depth under ice-covered flow conditions were investigated based clear water experiments S-shaped laboratory flume. results demonstrated that at along convex bank was m...

Liquid–solid fluidized beds have a wide range of applications in metallurgical processing, mineral extraction, and wastewater treatment. Great interest on their flow stability heterogeneous fluidization behaviors has been aroused research. In this study, various experiments were performed by adjusting the operating conditions particle size, density, liquid superficial velocity. For each case, s...

Presented in this paper is an experimental study on scour downstream of rough and smooth stiff aprons under the influence wall jets. The effect various parameters asymptotic depth studied. analysis data reveals that maximum reduces with increasing sediment size, sluice opening, apron length. It directly proportional to densimetric Froude number. Maximum equilibrium initially decreases tailwater...

The Froude number has been widely used in anthropology to adjust for size differences when comparing gait parameters or other nonmorphological locomotor variables (such as optimal walking speed or speed at gait transitions) among humans, nonhuman primates, and fossil hominins. However, the dynamic similarity hypothesis, which is the theoretical basis for Froude number corrections, was originall...