background: alkaptonuria (aku) or ochronosis is a rare progressive degenerative arthropathy that results from deficiency of enzyme homogentisate 1,2 dioxygenase (hgd). the features include arthritis of the spine and in larger peripheral joints, with chondrocalcinosis. in this paper, we present a case of alkaptonuria in a 54 year old woman in tehran, iran. case presentation: a 54 year old woman ...

background & aim: the purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the pain of patients with spondylolisthesis who had undergone either of the surgery techniques: posterolateral fusion (plf) or posterior lumbar interbody fusion (plif). methods & materials/patients: in a prospective observational study, 102 surgical candidates with low grade degenerative and isthmic spondylolisthesis were e...

we report the case of a 73-year-old female with severe degenerative scoliosis and back and leg pain that wassuccessfully treated with stand- alone cages via an extreme lateral transpsoas approach. this patient had declinedopen surgery and instrumentation due to her advanced age concerns about potential side effects.

objective hereditary spastic paraplegia (hsp) is a degenerative disease of genetic origin affecting the corticospinal tracts in the spinal cord. there are three forms of inheritance: autosomal dominant hsp, autosomal rececive hsp and x-linked hsp. this disease is characterized by progressive spasticity of leg muscles with varying degrees of stiffness and weakness of other muscle groups. in this...

a 48‑year‑old morbidly obese woman with a left medial meniscal tear and moderately severe degenerative joint disease (djd) reported for 14‑month follow‑up visit from arthroscopic surgery. she reported a resolution of pain, swelling and an improved range of motion (rom). the patient was first evaluated 14 months ago, and at that time was considered a strong candidate for total knee replacement d...