Endoderm formation in the mammalian embryo occurs first in the blastocyst, when the primitive endoderm and pluripotent cells resolve into separate lineages, and again during gastrulation, when the definitive endoderm progenitor population emerges from the primitive streak. The formation of the definitive endoderm can be modeled using pluripotent cell differentiation in culture. The differentiat...

Endoderm formation in the mammal is a complex process with two lineages forming during the first weeks of development, the primitive (or extraembryonic) endoderm, which is specified in the blastocyst, and the definitive endoderm that forms later, at gastrulation, as one of the germ layers of the embryo proper. Fate mapping evidence suggests that the definitive endoderm arises as two waves, whic...

the way to overcome current limitations in the generation of glucose-responsive insulin-producing cells is selective enrichment of the number of definitive endoderm (de) progenitor cells. sox17 is the marker of mesendoderm and definitive endoderm. the aim of the present research was to study the potential of sox17 knock-in cgr8 mouse embryonic stem (es) cells to differentiate into insulin produ...

Two lineages of endoderm develop during mammalian embryogenesis, the primitive endoderm in the pre-implantation blastocyst and the definitive endoderm at gastrulation. This complexity of endoderm cell populations is mirrored during pluripotent cell differentiation in vitro and has hindered the identification and purification of the definitive endoderm for use as a substrate for further differen...

In the mouse, the definitive endoderm is derived from the epiblast during gastrulation, and, at the early organogenesis stage, forms the primitive gut tube, which gives rise to the digestive tract, liver, pancreas and associated visceral organs. The transcription factors, Sox17 (a Sry-related HMG box factor) and its upstream factors, Mixer (homeobox factor) and Casanova (a novel Sox factor), ha...

Nodal signaling induces the formation of the endoderm and mesoderm during gastrulation. Nodal expression persists until the definitive endoderm progenitor has completely formed, and disappears thereafter. A tightly regulated Nodal expression system is essential for the differentiation of embryonic stem (ES) cells into distinct tissue lineages. On this basis, we established an ES cell differenti...

A full description of the ontogeny of the beta cell would guide efforts to generate beta cells from embryonic stem cells (ESCs). The first step requires an understanding of definitive endoderm: the genes and signals responsible for its specification, proliferation, and patterning. This report describes a global marker of definitive endoderm, Claudin-6 (Cldn6). We report its expression in early ...

objective: in vitro production of a definitive endoderm (de) is an important issue in stem cell-related differentiation studies and it can assist with the production of more efficient endoderm derivatives for therapeutic applications. despite tremendous progress in de differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hescs), researchers have yet to discover universal, efficient and cost-effective ...

The efficient generation of hepatocytes from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) requires the induction of a proper endoderm population, broadly characterized by the expression of the cell surface marker CXCR4. Strategies to identify and isolate endoderm subpopulations predisposed to the liver fate do not exist. In this study, we generated mouse monoclonal antibodies against human embryonic st...