it has been estimated that more than 1.7 million individuals suffer a traumatic brain injury (tbi) each year. tbi causes secondary biochemical and metabolic changes which contribute to subsequent tissue damage and associated neuronal cell death. two early and delayed events occur after tbi, which results in neurological deficits. primary injury events include the mechanical damage that occur at...

multiple sclerosis (ms) is a complex disease resulting from the occurrence of intermingled episodes of neuro-inflammation and degeneration. the temporal and spatial patterns in which these events occur are not well understood as well as the molecular substrates underlying it. myelin loss and gain, as well as axonal damage are considered crucial events influencing the course of the disease but t...

methamphetamine (ma) is a potent, addictive psychostimulant that has dramatic effects on the central nervous system (cns). the onset of methamphetamine use has been linked to heightened attention, and chronic methamphetamine use has been associated with deficits in different aspects of attention that can significantly persist into abstinence. attention deficits in chronic methamphetamine users ...

objective(s): scutellarin, a flavonoid extracted from the medicinal herb erigeron breviscapus hand-mazz, protects neurons from damage and inhibits glial activation. here we examined whether scutellarin may also protect neurons from hypoxia-induced damage. materials and methods: mice were exposed to hypoxia for 7 days and then administered scutellarin (50 mg/kg/d) or vehicle for 30 days cognitiv...

iran’s economy has experienced an average inflation rate of 18.77 percent during the period of 1979-2010. many economists believe that the budget deficits are one of the main determinants of the chronic and relatively high inflation. this paper investigates the relationship between budget deficits and inflation. dynamics of iran’s monetary sector, based on the three cointegration relations i.e....

Deficiences imunitaire acquises Les , deficits nnmumtaires pathologiques af­ systeme des phagocytes, l'immunite a mechation_ cellulare :t la synthese des im­ Illfnoglobulmes so1t separement, soit con­Jom temen t. La manifestation .clinique de ces deficits est la ,frequence _des mfections bacterielles, vir­ales et mycotiques.  Le triteJent s deficits immunitaire a part la therap1e antnnfectieu...

aim and background: cognitivists have recently paid extensive attention to source monitoring deficit as an impairment in schizophrenic patients and is used in clarification of major symptoms including hallucination and delusion. therefore, the present study aimed to explore the effects of source monitoring ability in auditory hallucination. methods and materials: this causal-comparative study u...