the beet moth, scrobipalpa ocellatella (boyd) (lepidoptera: gelechiidae) is one of the most destructive pests of beet. the insect overwinters as larvae of different instars in beets which are left in the field. supercooling point (scp) of individual larvae showed broad range variation from -6 to -25 °c. in the present study, factors affecting the broad range of scp were investigated. larvae sho...

OBJECTIVES High doses of chemotherapy generate DNA damage in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation (BMT), due to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In order to evaluate the local defensive effectiveness of the patient undergoing BMT, the concentrations of the antioxidants superoxide dismutase (SOD) and uric acid (UA) were measured in saliva. STUDY DESIGN Basal saliva s...

The bombardier beetle Metrius contractus discharges its defensive secretion as a froth that clings to its body. When attacked from the rear, it allows the froth to build up over the gland openings near the abdominal tip; when attacked from the front, it conveys the secretion forwards along special elytral tracks. M. contractus has two-chambered defensive glands typical of bombardier beetles, an...

The innate host response system is comprised of various mechanisms for orchestrating host response to microbial infection of the oral cavity. The heterogeneity of the oral cavity and the associated microenvironments that are produced give rise to different chemistries that affect the innate defense system. One focus of this review is on how these spatial differences influence the two major defe...

Naturalists have long known that chemical defenses are commonplace in arthropods. Most often these defenses take the form of dischargeable integumental sacs, laden with irritants or repellents. Knowledge of these glandular structures was initially restricted to their anatomy and histology. It was only in the past five decades that efforts focused on the function of the glands and on the chemica...

Captive largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) reject the gyrinid beetle, Dineutes hornii. They also reject edible items (mealworms) treated by topical addition of the norsesquiterpene gyrinidal, the principal component of the defensive secretion of the beetle. The bass' oral tolerance of gyrinidal varies broadly as a function of the gyrinidal dosage and the state of satiation of the fish. Whe...

For elderly inpatients, it may be preferable to return back to their homes after discharge. Therefore, it is important to predict whether elderly patients are able to return home after discharge. Our purpose is to examine the association between geriatric factors including oral conditions and returning home after discharge in elderly patients. A total of 257 elderly patients were enrolled (retu...

background: breastfeeding failures and oral feeding problems in preterm infants result in long-term health complications. in this study, therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effect of oral stimulation along with non-nutritive sucking (nns) on independent oral feeding initiation and weight gain in preterm infants. methods: this prospective randomized clinical trial was carried out at aliasghar ho...