the purpose of this research is to evaluate students’ critical thinking at ferdowsi university of mashhad. a total of 144 questionnaires were sent to undergraduate students to assess their critical thinking skills. in this research, the watson-glaser critical thinking appraisal has been used as of critical thinking’s tool that contains 80 item questions across a series of five test exercises an...

Computational theories of mind assume that participants interpret information and then reason from those interpretations. Research on interpretation in deductive reasoning has claimed to show that subjects' interpretation of single syllogistic premises in an "immediate inference" task is radically different from their interpretation of pairs of the same premises in syllogistic reasoning tasks (...

We address the semantics and normative questions for reasoning with presumptive arguments: How are presumptive arguments grounded in interpretations; and when are they evaluated as correct? For deductive and uncertain reasoning, classical logic and probability theory provide canonical answers to these questions. Staying formally close to these, we propose case models and their preferences as fo...

People demonstrate systematic logical failures when reasoning about conditional statements. In the Wason selection task, a test typically interpreted as a measure of abstract deductive reasoning, only about 10% of participants choose the cards prescribed by deductive logic. One possibility is that people are simply bad at hypothesis testing – biased toward confirming rather than falsifying abst...

this article studies five major classical hollywood films: psycho, casablanca, double indemnity, the apartment and the searchers and ratiocinates that in this era of cinema history, directors conform with a series of principles, procedures and protocols in order to start the films and also describes that these principles are based on philosophical theories of human minds ways of reasoning. this...

This study aims to examine the approaches of people involved in mathematics education and logic to the role played by learning mathematics in the development of general deductive reasoning. The data source includes 21 individual semistructured interviews. Analysis based on the Grounded Theory method identified three distinct groups of interviewees with relation to views of (a) the meaning of de...

Distributional semantics focuses on the automatic construction of a semantic model based on the statistical distribution of colocated words in large-scale texts. Deductive reasoning is a fundamental component for semantic understanding. Despite the generality and expressivity of logical models, from an applied perspective, deductive reasoners are dependent on highly consistent conceptual models...