anopheles culicifacies is the vector of malaria in southeastern part of iran, india, west pakistan and ceylon. in 1959 the lc50 % ddt in the panchmahal district of gujarat state (india) had increased. ddt resistant population of a. culicifacies has been reported from west pakistan, burma and iran. after application of ddt in 1959, the density of a. culicifacies decreased sharply. the susceptibi...

Aedes albopictus collected from urban districts of China (12 strains) has developed high levels of DDT resistance, while 2 strains collected from rural areas remain susceptible. The mechanism of DDT resistance was due to intensified activity of DDT-dehydrochlorinase, but the penetration of DDT into the mosquito body is also different. This may possibly have had some influence on the resistance ...

Objective: To investigate the susceptibility status of the major malaria mosquito in selected rural, semi-urban and urban areas of Nigeria to DDT and Permethrin based insecticides used in vector control. Methods: Two to three day old unfed adult female Anopheles mosquitoes raised from larvae collected across three ecological zones in Nigeria were exposed to 4 % DDT impregnated papers. To find o...

Understanding the evolution and spread of insecticide resistance requires knowing the relative fitness of resistant organisms. In the absence of insecticides, resistance is predicted to be costly. The Drosophila melanogaster DDT resistance allele (DDT-R) is associated with a male mating cost. This could be because resistant males are generally smaller, but DDT-R may also alter courtship behavio...

4,4'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) has been re-recommended by the World Health Organization for malaria mosquito control. Previous DDT use has resulted in resistance, and with continued use resistance will increase in terms of level and extent. Drosophila melanogaster is a model dipteran that has many available genetic tools, numerous studies done on insecticide resistance mechanisms, a...

The development of resistance to insecticides has become a classic exemplar of evolution occurring within human time scales. In this study we demonstrate how resistance to DDT in the major African malaria vector Anopheles gambiae is a result of both target-site resistance mechanisms that have introgressed between incipient species (the M- and S-molecular forms) and allelic variants in a DDT-det...

BACKGROUND In the city of Yaoundé in Cameroon malaria is predominately transmitted by the M and S molecular forms of Anopheles gambiae and both are resistant to the pyrethroid insecticides and DDT. Mutations in the target site of these insecticides, present at a high frequency in malaria vectors in this city, contribute to this resistance profile. To identify additional resistance mechanisms, t...

background : according to the national strategy plan on monitoring of insecticides resistance, this study was carried out to determine the base line susceptibility of the culicidae mosquitoes to the who-recommended insecticides in an endemic focus of malaria in southeastern iran. methods : larval collection was carried out by dipping method and adult collection occurred by suction tube from jan...

The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters represent a superfamily of proteins that have important physiological roles in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. In insects, ABC transporters have previously been implicated in insecticide resistance. The 91-R strain of Drosophila melanogaster has been intensely selected with DDT over six decades. A recent selective sweeps analysis of 91-R implicated t...