in comparison to other transportation modes, riding motorcycle is prone to accidents.  motorcyclists are more exposed to physical injury than the car drivers. many multi-vehicle motorcycles crashes occur, there is right-of-way violation takes place in which another vehicle turns in fronts of a motorcycle, or a sudden cross of path of an on-coming motorcycle. one main factor which leads to high ...

The interactions (i.e., coupling) between multiple oscillators of a circadian system determine basic properties of the integrated pacemaker. Unfortunately, there are few experimental models to investigate the putative interactions of functionally defined oscillators comprising the mammalian circadian pacemaker. Here the authors induce in hamsters a novel circadian entrainment pattern that is ch...

Melatonin and wheel-running rhythmicity and the effects of acute and chronic light pulses on these rhythms were studied in Clock(Delta19) mutant mice selectively bred to synthesize melatonin. Homozygous melatonin-proficient Clock(Delta19) mutant mice (Clock(Delta19/Delta19)-MEL) produced melatonin rhythmically, with peak production 2 h later than the wild-type controls (i.e., just before lights...

In this article, we present a real-time machine-vision system to detect vehicles running on red light or performing forbidden turns at crossroads. The system operates during daytime by receiving video streams from two different sources. One of them is a camera viewing the crossroads to detect unusual activity, while a second camera watches the semaphore to keep synchrony with the traffic contro...

When food availability is restricted, animals adjust their behavior according to the timing of food access. Most rodents, such as rats and mice, and a wide number of other animals express before timed food access a bout of activity, defined as food-anticipatory activity (FAA). One notable exception amongst rodents is the Syrian hamster, a photoperiodic species that is not prone to express FAA. ...

The human circadian system is normally synchronised with the solar day, insuring that alertness and performance peak during daytime hours and consolidated sleep occurs during the night. In circadian rhythm sleep disorders, the pattern of sleep-wake is misaligned with the patient's circadian system or the external environment, resulting in insomnia, fatigue, and deterioration in performance. App...

Most organisms display circadian rhythms that coordinate complex physiological and behavioral processes to optimize energy acquisition, storage, and expenditure. Disruptions to the circadian system with environmental manipulations such as nighttime light exposure alter metabolic energy homeostasis. Exercise is known to strengthen circadian rhythms and to prevent weight gain. Therefore, we hypot...

Although humans are diurnal in behaviour, animal models used for the study of circadian rhythms are mainly restricted to nocturnal rodents. This study focussed on the circadian behaviour of a rodent from South Africa that has a preference for daylight, the four-striped field mouse, Rhabdomys pumilio. In order to characterise the behavioural pattern of daily activity, locomotor rhythms were stud...

Studies in Polar Base stations, where personnel have no access to sunlight during winter, have reported circadian misalignment, free-running of the sleep-wake rhythm, and sleep problems. Here we tested light as a countermeasure to circadian misalignment in personnel of the Concordia Polar Base station during the polar winter. We hypothesized that entrainment of the circadian pacemaker to a 24-h...