Humans have cognitive mechanisms that allow them to keep track of time, represent past events, and simulate the future, but these capacities have intrinsic constraints. Here, we explore the role of material culture as an extension of internal time representations through anthropological and archeological case studies, focusing on Upper Paleolithic material culture. We argue that calendars compl...

We argue why it is important to search beyond the superstring for consistent string theories that have space-time supersymmetry with critical space-time dimensions less than 10. We give a lengthy introduction on the motivation and approach. We discuss briefly some promising possibilities, namely, fractional superstrings. More specifically, we consider the K = 4, or spin-4/3 fractional superstri...

The success of the spinor helicity technique for tree processes is reviewed. To apply it to multiloop diagrams one is naturally led to the Schwinger proper-time representation, whose properties are discussed. This representation also serves as a useful link between field theories and string theories.

An MILP model for the optimal scheduling of a lube oil and paraffin production plant is presented. The plant is composed of processing units that operate in continuous and discontinuous modes, and some are also duplicated. The raw materials for the process are stored in dedicated tanks, and the plant presents finite intermediate storage. The mathematical formulation was developed under a contin...

An overview of developments in the scheduling of multiproduct/multipurpose batch and continuous processes is presented. Existing approaches are classified based on the time representation and important characteristics of chemical processes that pose challenges to the scheduling problem are discussed. In contrast to the discrete-time approaches, various continuous-time models have been proposed ...

Any phenomenon can be seen under a more or less precise granularity, depending on the kind of details which are perceivable. This can be applied to time. A characteristic of abstract spaces such as the one used for representing time is their granularity independence, i.e. the fact that they have the same structure at different granularities. So, time “places” and their relationship can be seen ...

Every time we visit a new city there is a huge effort made in understanding its dynamic, i.e. what are the relevant locations within that city in each time period, for there are large amounts of data to sift through. Although several attempts have been made to combine information from various sources, the majority focus on geographic data, lacking on time representation. In this paper we descri...

This study was conducted in two separate experiments. Four rumen-cannulated sheep were allocated in the first experiment to evaluate date by-product (DBP) and date seed (DS) nutrients degradation in rumen. In experiment two eighteen fattening lambs were allocated in three different treatments (6 animals/treatment) to evaluate DBP effects on animal performance and nutrients’ digestibility. Three...

The increasing ability to interconnect computers through internetworking, wireless networks, high-bandwidth satellite, and cable networks has spawned a new class of information-centered applications based on data dissemination. These applications, which often serve huge client populations, employ broadcast to efficiently deliver data to the clients. In data dissemination, the data transfer is i...