poets & poetry have always been affected by social & natural environment of their times since they have always been considered as a part of the environment in which they existed.poets have been the speakers of their tribes and thus have had the status of the head of the tribe during the darkness era.

This article deals with the collective myth of generation Russian intellectuals in 1880s. inherits from Enlightenment and Romanticism about hero Prometheus, Christian martyr created “civil poetry” journalism 1840s–1860s. The resists surrounding “darkness” social passivity a repressive regime. socially passive outsider becomes his antipode. 1880s embodies similar collision, an active heroic nucl...

social changes and considering people’s needs are seen as the most important issues in the changes of persian poetry in constitutional era. the writers of this article have considered the views of western and iranian critics to study the function of the addressee in the changes of persian poetry in constitutional era. the use of such a study is that the writers have found and analyzed many soci...

Historical research shows that many physicians experienced in medical sciences are also talented in art, literature and poetry. Avicenna was a sage who was skilled in poetry in addition to philosophy and medicine. He wrote two different types of poetry: those meant to be enjoyed for their literary qualities of novelty and imagination, and his didactic Urjuzeh. Didactic poems are different from ...

With the global village approaching a new era of aesthetic economy powered by culture creative, every country is actively seeking inspirational resources for culturally creative product design. Chinese traditional poetry, full of expression created with poets’ fascinating words and still highly appreciated today, carries not only our predecessors’ wisdom but also principles which correspond to ...

al-jawahiri, one of the most illustrious contemporary classical poets of iraq, was born in the holy city of najaf to a cultured, scholarly, and cultivated family. the scientific and cultural environment of najaf, the literary and scientific richness of his familial atmosphere, and al-jawahiri’s poetic taste and talent caused him to turn to his predecessor poets’ works, especially the ones from ...

nowadays novel is one of the most important patterns of story writing and indeed is an image of real life and the era that it was written in. the present article studies an era of social and political life of egyptians by studying “in darkness” as a novel written by najib alkeilani who is an egyptian contemporaneous author. najib alkeilani wrote this novel when he was in prison in 1957 ad.

iran is a society with religious infrastructure, in which islam and shiism have had great influence. meanwhile culture and iranian literature, especially poetry has a great position in reflecting religious symbols. ghajarid era is one of the persian literature periods in which religion, especially shiism has great reflection. in this era, by reinforcing religious bases of poems, poets try to tr...