This study examines the Kuznets environmental curve among D8 countries in the period 1961–2016. The Kuznets environmental curve shows the reversed U-shaped relationship between economic growth and environmental degradation. In this paper, two methods of time series estimation and smooth panel transition estimation were used to test the hypothesis of this relationship. Also, the ecological footp...

About 20 years ago Necmettin Erbakan, the former Turkish Prime Minister, introduced his idea about theAbout 20 years ago Necmettin Erbakan, the former Turkish Prime Minister, introduced his idea about the establishing of an Islamic group of developing countries, with a large Muslim population and a high economic potential, to cooperate in economic and trade activities. . Using the shift share t...

In recent years, fossil energy consumption has increased because of economic growth and this has led to carbon dioxide emissions and environmental crises.  Governments struggle to solve this problem by appropriate policies such as green or environmental tax policies. This policy is based on costs and can control pollution and increase renewable energy consumption as a substitute for fossil ener...

Abstract. Today, foreign trade plays a key role in leading the economic growth and development programs of societies and has heterogeneous effects on the countries’ economies due to the degree of development of countries. This study focuses on developing countries and members of the D8 group and investigates the effect of trade openness on macroeconomic variables; also Iran is in this group. Th...