IGF-I promotes growth during postnatal development via both endocrine and autocrine actions. In pcd mice (pcd/pcd), we previously found that IGF-I mRNA expression was decreased in cerebellar Purkinje cells as they underwent apoptosis. To investigate the endocrine function of IGF-I, we examined hepatic IGF-I mRNA by Northern hybridization, circulating IGF-I peptide by radioimmunoassay, and circu...

We present a new dynamic auction for procurement problems where payments are bounded by a hard budget constraint and money does not enter the procurer’s objective function. JEL D21, D44, D45, D82.

Longer patents to small inventors may accelerate genetic research with distant payoffs by assuaging their fears that a large, low-cost rival would quickly appropriate profits. [JEL H41, D45]

Male zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) begin to sing around 45 days posthatch (d45) and tune their songs to match learned templates. Females never develop song, but they use male conspecific vocalizations for mate choice. While auditory perception is critical for both sexes, the responses of the immediate early genes (IEGs) ZENK and FOS differ in auditory brain areas of d30 males and females....

Two Drosophila myosin II point mutations (D45 and Mhc(5)) generate Drosophila cardiac phenotypes that are similar to dilated or restrictive human cardiomyopathies. Our homology models suggest that the mutations (A261T in D45, G200D in Mhc(5)) could stabilize (D45) or destabilize (Mhc(5)) loop 1 of myosin, a region known to influence ADP release. To gain insight into the molecular mechanism that...

Nghiên cứu này tính toán xi lanh thủy lực để tạo ra cắt cho máy ống thép D45. Tổn thất hệ thống được lựa chọn các thông số của bơm nhằm nâng cao hiệu suất động cơ dẫn bơm. Phương pháp lý thuyết áp dụng xác định cắt, xylanh, tổn suất, thể tích, công dầu và thống. Thực nghiệm thực hiện trên D45 dùng loại có đường kính 45 mm thành biên dạng (khớp nối ống) sử tại hãng xe như Honda, Yamaha, Suzuki, ...

For an outsider innovator in a Cournot oligopoly, royalty licensing could be superior to both fixed fee and auction. The result depends on a simple fact that has been overlooked in the existing literature, namely, the number of licenses can take only integer values.  2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. JEL classification: D21; D43; D45

PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of intense pulsed light (IPL) applied to the periocular area for meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) in a prospective, double-masked, placebo-controlled, paired-eye study. METHODS Twenty-eight participants underwent IPL treatment, with homogeneously sequenced light pulses delivered to one eye and placebo treatment to the partner control eye at 1, 15, and 45 days f...

A number of identical objects is allocated to a set of privately informed agents. Agents have linear utility in money. The designer wants to assign objects to agents that possess specific traits, but the allocation can only be conditioned on the willingness to pay and on observable characteristics. I solve for the optimal mechanism. The choice between market or non-market mechanisms depends on ...

This article studies the design of optimal mechanisms to regulate entry in natural oligopoly markets, assuming the regulator is unable to control the behavior of firms once they are in the market. We adapt the Clarke–Groves mechanism, characterize the optimal mechanism that maximizes the weighted sum of expected social surplus and expected tax revenue, and show that thesemechanisms generally av...