Cytotoxins from cobra venom are known to manifest cytotoxicity in various cell types. It is widely accepted that the plasma membrane is a target of cytotoxins, but the mechanism of their action remains obscure. Using the confocal spectral imaging technique, we show for the first time that cytotoxins from cobra venom penetrate readily into living cancer cells and accumulate markedly in lysosomes...

Thirty-one isolates of Aeromonas spp. from food and water in Norway were classified and tested for possible virulence factors including cytotoxins (tissue cultures, PCR), enterotoxins (PCR) and invasion ability (Caco-2 cells). Five different species were recorded, A. caviae (9/31), A. hydrophila (15/31), A. schubertii (3/31), A. trota (3/31) and A. veronii biovar veronii (1/31). One of the A. h...

Cobra venom cytotoxins are basic three-fingered, amphipathic, non-enzymatic proteins that constitute a major fraction of cobra venom. While cytotoxins cause mitochondrial dysfunction in different cell types, the mechanisms by which cytotoxins bind to mitochondria remain unknown. We analyzed the abilities of CTI and CTII, S-type and P-type cytotoxins from Naja naja oxiana respectively, to associ...

conclusions extracts of the consolida orientalis l., ferula assa-foetida l., coronilla varia l. could be considered as potential sources of anticancer compounds but further studies are necessary for isolation and identification of biologically active substances. results result from the performed assay showed that ethanolic extract of consolida orientalis l., ferula assa-foetida l., coronilla va...

Most xenobiotics ultimately become lethally cytotoxic, according to concentration. Toxins with completely disparate mechanisms of action induce apoptotic cell death. This suggests that the threshold for the onset of cell death can be determined by the relative expression levels of genes which promote or suppress apoptosis. The selectivity of a toxin may thus be determined not only by the select...

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), constructed with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), linkers, and natural cytotoxins, are innovative drugs developed for oncotherapy. Owing to the distinctive advantages of both chemotherapy drugs and antibody drugs, ADCs have obtained enormous success during the past several years. The development of highly specific antibodies, novel marine toxins' applications, and ...

Objective: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic condition defined by hyperglycemia driven insulin deficiency or decreased activity. GLP-1, gut enzyme, stimulates production and reduces hepatic glucose synthesis to regulate diabetes. GLP-1 agonists enhance sensitivity decrease blood relieve symptoms of DM. These medications represent novel paradigm manage diabetes as they improve glycaemic cont...