In our article “Progressive Adaptation of a CpGV Isolate to Codling Moth Populations Resistant to CpGV-M.” (Viruses 2014, 6, 5135–5144; doi:10.3390/v6125135) [1] we obtained resistance values of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella, RGV laboratory colony [2], when challenged with Cydia pomonella Granulovirus, Mexican Isolate (CpGV-M), that were lower than those previously published [2]. Careful an...

abstract background and aims: the cydia pomonella granulovirus (cpgv) is a baculovirus and very effective biological control agent against apple pest, codling moth, cydia pomonella l. especially for healthy organic apple production and protection.  not only, screening of cpgv isolates via biochemical variation, but also their biological variation is practically necessary.  however, the bioassay...

About 20,550 larvae, pupae and adults of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella L., were diagnosed for pathogens during long-term investigations (1955-2012) at the Institute for Biological Control in Darmstadt, Germany. The prevailing entomopathogens diagnosed in these studies were insect pathogenic fungi, especially Beauveria bassiana and Isaria farinosa, the microsporidium, Nosema carpocapsae, the...

The entire genome of Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CpGV) was systematically screened for origins of DNA replication, using an infection-dependent DNA replication assay in the granulovirus-permissive Cydia pomonella cell line, Cp14R. All seven cosmids in an overlapping library that covered the CpGV genome were found to replicate in the assay. A genomic library of 32 overlapping plasmids was subs...

The codling moth Cydia pomonella (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera Tortricidae) is a key pest of pome fruit (apple, pear and quince) and walnut orchards in most temperate regions of the world (Barnes 1991; CABI 1995). The moth has followed the spread of the apple tree Malus pumila Miller around the world, and

Three new species of Olethreutinae (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) from the United States are described and illustrated. Eucosma paregoria Brown, n. sp., is associated with prairies and glades, primarily in midwestern U.S. Cydia marita Brown, n. sp., is common in southeastern U.S., ranging from Texas to Florida and north along the eastern seaboard to Virginia. Cydia timara Brown, n. sp., occurs in t...

Research and financial efforts spent on biodefense technologies highlight the current concern for biothreat event preparedness. Nonhazardous but relevant "simulant" microorganisms are typically used to simplify technological developments, testing, and staff training. The bacteriophage MS2, a small RNA virus, is classically used as the reference simulant for biothreat viruses within the biodefen...

Cydia splendana and C. fagiglandana are two closely related chestnut feeding lepidopteran moth species. In this study, we surveyed the bacterial endosymbiont Wolbachia in these two species. Infection rates were 31% in C. splendana and 77% in C. fagiglandana. MLST analysis showed that these two species are infected with two quite diverse Wolbachia strains. C. splendana with Sequence Type (ST) 40...

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