aluminum anodes have been widely used in the cathodic protection of marine structures. however there are conditions in which these anodes become passivated or face some localized or unwanted corrosion, which influences their efficiency. addition of alloying elements such as zn and in not only have improved the efficiency of the anodes but also the effect of casting parameters such as ultra melt...

We determine the reliability exponent ( ) of the Anantharam–Verdú exponential server timing channel with service rate for all rates between a critical rate = ( 4) log 2 and the channel capacity = 1 . For rates between 0 and , we provide a random-coding lower bound ( ) and a sphere-packing upper bound ( ) on ( ). We also determine that the cutoff rate 0 for this channel equals 4, thus answering ...

The capacity and error exponent of the direct detection optical channel are considered. The channel input in a T-second interval is a waveform A(r), 0 5 t I T, which satisfies 0 I A(t) I A, and (l/r)],,%(t) dt I aA, 0 < IT 11. The channel output is a Poisson process with intensity parameter X(t) + he. ‘The quantities A and CIA represent the peak and average power, respectively, of the optical s...

The current situation of vulnerabilities caused by accelerating impacts of Climate Change, CC, and the adaptation and mitigation measures taken by some Arab countries is investigated .The aim of this paper is twofold, the first is to define the current situation and future measures that Egypt is taking or has to take in order to face the accelerating impacts of climate change. The second is to ...