this study presents a detailed analysis of cost management for intensive cultivation activity in terms of tomato production. the main objective was to provide qualitative and quantitative costs obtained in the intensive cultivation of tomato. this methodology was structured by activity costs (soil preparation and planting, crop monitoring, harvesting, selling, etc.) through a study in greenhous...

in order to evaluate the influence of different tillage methods and autumn pea cultivars (arman, hashem, ilc-482) in first cultivation on corn forage yield (variety of single cross-704) in second cultivation, this research has been done. the experiment was conducted as split-plot in rcbd with the replication of 4 in tehran university from karaj in 2012. the main plots included different tillage...

Agroecosystems provide numerous ecosystem services (ESs) such as provisioning, regulating, habitat and cultural services. At the same time, management of these agroecosystems can cause various negative impacts on environment generation greenhouse gas emissions. However, way humans manage often focuses only production agricultural goods, which yield monetary benefits in short term but do not inc...

In this study, musculoskeletal disorders, energy consumption and input costs of paddy labors have been studied in cultivation, crop protection, and harvesting rice in Northern Iran, Guilan province. The sample size of the study consisted of 74 paddy workers of the study region. The data were collected through Nordic questionnaire and semi-structured interviews. The results indicated that the la...

This review analyzes the current state of a specific niche of microalgae cultivation; heterotrophic growth in the dark supported by a carbon source replacing the traditional support of light energy. This unique ability of essentially photosynthetic microorganisms is shared by several species of microalgae. Where possible, heterotrophic growth overcomes major limitations of producing useful prod...

Crop cultivation in controlled environment plant factories offers great potential to stabilize the yield and quality of agricultural products. However, many crops are currently unsuited to these environments, particularly closed cultivation systems, due to space limitations, low light intensity, high implementation costs, and high energy requirements. A major barrier to closed system cultivatio...

India is the largest producer of rice (Oryza sativa L.) next to China in the world. Rice cultivation is a huge water demanding enterprise. In recent years, water table has depleted at a very rapid rate throughout the globe, thus, posing alarming threats and limiting the scope for cultivation of high water consuming crops especially rice. Challenges in maintaining the sustainability of rice farm...