Background: Studies on efficacy of various vaccines that prevent or reduce the primary and recurrent HSV-1 infection have demonstrated the importance of cellular immunity for protection against the infection. We previously used DNA vaccination to induce cellular immunity against HSV-1 infection in mice. Objective: The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of LIGHT, a member of TNF super f...

although the structure of human t lymphoptropic virus type i (htlv-i) has been known well, the function of some proteins encoded by htlv-i px region is not fully understood. furthermore, the responses of the immune system to htlv-i remain still unknown. most of htlv-i-infected individuals show a strong and persistently activated cytotoxic t-cell (ctl) response to the virus. the frequency of htl...

background: studies on efficacy of various vaccines that prevent or reduce the primary and recurrent hsv-1 infection have demonstrated the importance of cellular immunity for protection against the infection. we previously used dna vaccination to induce cellular immunity against hsv-1 infection in mice. objective: the aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of light, a member of tnf super f...

Background: Leishmania is a pathogenic parasite which infects mononuclear cells in vertebrate hosts. Different strategies have been taken to develop immunity against Leishmania . DCs loaded with immunogenic antigen have resulted in different levels of Th1-type immune response and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) activity. Objective: To evaluate the potency of DCs primed with soluble Leishmania mex...

Backgrounds: Most of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections elicit poor immune responses and 75% to 85% of cases become chronic therefore, the development of an effective vaccine against HCV is of paramount importance. In this study, we aimed to evaluate co-administration of HCV non-Structural Protein 2 and IL-12 DNA vaccines in C57BL/6 mice. Methods: A plasmid encoding full-length HCV NS2 prot...

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is associated with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Only a limited percentage of infected individuals develop disease in response to the virus while the majority remain asymptomatic and HAM/TSP is the most common clinical manifestation of the virus. HAM/TSP is an inflamma...

in this paper, a three dimensional mathematical model for htlv-1infection with intracellular delay and immune activation delay is investigated.by applying the frequency domain approach, we show that time delays candestabilize the ham/tsp equilibrium, leading to hopf bifurcations and sta-ble or unstable periodic oscillations. at the end, numerical simulations areillustrated.

background: leishmaniasis is a worldwide disease prevalent in tropical and sub tropical coun­tries. many attempts have been made and different strategies have been approached to develop a potent vaccine against leishmania . dna immunisation is a method, which is shown to be effec­tive in leishmania vaccination. leishmania soluble antigen (sla) has also recently been used leishmania vaccination....

In this paper, we propose and study a diffusive HIV infection model with infected cells delay, virus mature abstract function incidence rate diffusion term. By introducing the reproductive numbers for viral R0 CTL immune response number R1, show that R1 act as threshold parameter existence stability of equilibria. If R0≤1, infection-free equilibrium E0 is globally asymptotically stable, viruses...