The first attempt by man at classical biological control of an arthropod pest was a spectacular success. The cottony cushion scale (Icerya purchasi Maskell) program in California over the period 1877-1879 was the first scientifically and institutionally backed biological control program. Foreign exploration by Arthur Koebele, resulted in the importation and release of two natural enemies, the v...

KURIS, A. M., 1973. Biological control: implications of the analogy between the trophic interactions of insect pest-parasitoid and snail-trematode systems. Experimental Parasitology 33, 365-379. An analogy between the tropic interactions of insect pest-hymenopterous parasitoid and snail-larval trematode systems is proposed. The goal of most agricultural pest management programs is increase in p...