in the natural disasters such as earthquake, based on severity of trauma, time under the rubble and quality/quantity of hydratation we will confront with a spectrum of traumatic rhabdomyolysis. in present study we evaluate victims of bam earthquake to show different stage of muscle trauma, from minor trauma with almost normal level of muscle enzyme to those with moderate trauma leading to crush...

crush injury of an extremity occurs when a limb is compressed between two hard surfaces, to the point where vascular supply is impaired and vulnerable tissues undergo necrosis. most commonly, limbs are crushed during auto versus pedestrian accidents, motor vehicle crashes, and industrial accidents. however, during natural disasters such as earthquakes, buildings collapse, landslides, mine cave-...

BACKGROUND During atrial flutter, double potentials may be recorded at specific sites in the atria. It has been suggested that double potentials represent sequential activations at the center of the reentrant circuit. An alternative hypothesis is that double potentials represent electrical activity in an area of slow conduction. Understanding their mechanism is important because double potentia...

OBJECTIVE To analyze the factors affecting the occurrence and severity of crush syndrome (CS) after crush injury (CI) in pediatric trauma victims in the Wenchuan earthquake. METHODS Medical records of 98 patients who were transferred to our hospital were retrospectively reviewed. The risk factors, such as age, gender, time being besieged, type of injury, wound infection, hemodialysis, etc., w...

After crush injury, patients often experience multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. In this study, we focused on vascular endothelial damage, which is believed to be a possible cause of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, and revealed a pathological condition of distant organ failure. In particular, the lung is an especially prone target organ at the time of systemic inflammatory invasion after...

Male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to unilateral crush injury, and expression of LPL protein and mRNA were assessed as a function of time post-crush. LPL activity increased in the distal portion of the injured nerve by Day 4 post-crush, after which LPL activity gradually returned to normal levels. Conversely, quantification of LPL mRNA by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reacti...

OBJECTIVE To determine the Sunderland classification of a bipolar electrocautery injury. METHODS Twenty-two rats received crush (a reproducible Sunderland second-degree injury) or bipolar electrocautery injury and were evaluated for functional, histomorphometric, and immunohistochemical recovery at 21 or 42 days. Animal experiments were performed between July 3 and December 12, 2007. Axonal r...