Tomarza’dan (Kayseri, Türkiye) küçük korollaları ve belirgin dört sıralı başakları ile dikkat çeken bazı ilginç Crucianella (Rubiaceae) örnekleri toplandı. seksiyonuna ait C. disticha macrostachya türlerine benzeyen bu örnekler; düğümlerinde 4(-5) yaprak bulunması, başaklarının olması, bıraktelerinin eliptik-mızraksı korollalarının 2,6-3,8 mm boyunda koralla tüplerinin boğumsuz olmasıyla farklı...

The chromosome set of Avena macrostachya Balansa ex Coss. et Durieu was analyzed using C-banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization with 5S and 18S-5.8S-26S rRNA gene probes, and the results were compared with the C-genome diploid Avena L. species. The location of major nucleolar organizer regions and 5S rDNA sites on different chromosomes confirmed the affiliation of A. macrostachya with t...

The pentacyclic triterpenes rhoiptelenol and rhoiptelenone have been isolated from Sideritis macrostachya. Rhoiptelenone is a new natural compound, whose structure has been determined as D:B-friedo-urs-5-en-3-one. The 1H and 13C NMR spectra of rhoiptelenol, rhoiptelenol acetate and glutinol have been reassigned. The natural occurrence of the D:B-friedo-ursene and D:B-friedo-oleanene derivatives...

III Riassunto V Papers published or prepared in the course of the PhD VII Preface IX General introduction 1 Chapter 1 Seed germination responses to varying environmental conditions and provenances in Crucianella maritima L., a threatened coastal species 9 Chapter 2 The effect of seagrass beach-cast on germination and growth of dune plants 16 Chapter 3 High levels of stranded wrack from seagrass...

Seed dispersal mutualisms are essential for the survival of diverse plant species and communities worldwide. Among invertebrates, only ants have a major role in seed dispersal, and thousands of plant species produce seeds specialized for ant dispersal in "diffuse" multispecies interactions. An outstanding but poorly understood ant-seed mutualism occurs in the Amazonian rainforest, where arborea...

Throughout lowland Amazonia, arboreal ants collect seeds of specific plants and cultivate them in nutrient-rich nests, forming diverse yet obligate and species-specific symbioses called Neotropical ant-gardens (AGs). The ants depend on their symbiotic plants for nest stability, and the plants depend on AGs for substrate and nutrients. Although the AGs are limited to specific participants, it is...