To validate the Community Radiative Transfer Model (CRTM) developed by the U.S. Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation (JCSDA), the discrete ordinate radiative transfer (DISORT) model and the line-by-line radiative transfer model (LBLRTM) are combined in order to provide a reference benchmark. Compared with the benchmark, the CRTM appears quite accurate for both clear sky and ice cloud ra...

Objectives To analyze the kinematics of cervical rotation-traction manipulation (CRTM). Methods An experimental study measuring the kinematics of CRTM was conducted. A total of 18 healthy volunteers participated in the study. A single manipulator operated the CRTM for all subjects. Motion capture technology was adopted to track the trajectory during the CRTM operation. Results The manipulat...

The C30 carotene synthase CrtM from Staphylococcus aureus and the C40 carotene synthase CrtB from Erwinia uredovora were swapped into their respective foreign C40 and C30 biosynthetic pathways (heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli) and evaluated for function. Each displayed negligible ability to synthesize the natural carotenoid product of the other. After one round of mutagenesis and s...

Edge race-tracking is a frequently reported issue during resin transfer molding. It caused by highly permeable channels and areas between the preform edge cavity, which can significantly change impregnation pattern. To date, information scarce on effect of in compression molding (CRTM). close this gap, laboratory equipment was developed to study CRTM via flow visualization experiments. The ther...

OBJECTIVE To investigate whether radiographically evident osteoarthritis (ROA) in 55-65-year-old men and women is associated with specific alleles or genotypes of the cartilage matrix protein (CRTM) and cartilage link protein (CRTL1) genes. METHODS Cases were selected from a population-based study on the presence of ROA of the knee or hip. Further radiographic analysis included scoring for sp...

Accomplishments Analysis of the current modeling approach for CRTM, as well as for some of the physical phenomena involved in the process, such as preform deformation, revealed certain weaknesses in the numerical approach and, more importantly, significant gaps in fundamental understanding of underlying physics. New governing relations for the general Liquid Composite Molding (LCM) and, in part...

Using methods of laboratory evolution to force the C(30) carotenoid synthase CrtM to function as a C(40) synthase, followed by further mutagenesis at functionally important amino acid residues, we have discovered that synthase specificity is controlled at the second (rearrangement) step of the two-step reaction. We used this information to engineer CrtM variants that can synthesize previously u...

With the rapid rise in bacterial drug resistance, there is great interest in developing innovative approaches to anti-infective therapy. For example, in the United States, more people die from Staphylococcus aureus infections than die from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Alternative approaches are thus of interest, and as discussed in a recent Natio...

Satellite measurements in various spectral channels are assimilated through the JCSDA's Community Radiative Transfer Model (CRTM) on the NCEP Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI) (Wu et al. 2002). Currently, satellite measurements over ocean have been successfully utilized to improve numerical weather prediction (NWP). However, it is found that the amount of satellite data assimilated over...