introduction : to achieve success in treatment, one cannot ignore the knowledge of pulp anatomy. mandibular premolars are considered to be the most difficult teeth for endodontic therapy due to high variability in their canal morphology. it is possible that a relation exists between the crown size and the number of extra canals in these teeth, so this in vitro study aims to investigate the rela...

in vitro propagated and conventional runner propagated plantlets of strawberry (fragaria×ananassa duch) cv. ‘festival’ were transferred to the field and the size of crown for plants derived from both sources of planting material were compared. four sizes of the crown, i.e., < 0.5, 0.5-0.8, 0.8-1, and > 1 cm were taken from both sources of planting material. the results obtained flashed that veg...

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the mesiodistal primary tooth size diameter and posterior sagittal tooth-size ratio in an African American population and compare to existing African American and European American norms. METHODS A sample of 1,124 African American children, 564 males and 560 females, was used to record crown size diameters employing indirect (cast) and direct (int...

Allometric theories suggest that the size and shape of organisms follow universal rules, with a tendency toward quarter-power scaling. In woody plants, however, structure is influenced by branch death and shedding, which leads to decreasing crown ratios, accumulation of heartwood, and stem and branch tapering. This paper examines the impacts on allometric scaling of these aspects, which so far ...

Leaves are the primary interface where energy, water and carbon exchanges occur between the forest ecosystems and the atmosphere. Leaf area index (LAI) is a measure of the amount of leaf area in a stand, and the tree crown size characterizes how leaves are clumped in the canopy. Both LAI and tree crown size are of essential ecological and management value. There is a lot of interest in extracti...

The chief goal of full coronal restoration using preformed stainless steel crowns (SSC) is replication of normal crown form and function. Marginal adaptation of SSCs involves appropriate crown size selection, trimming the crown form to achieve proper length, crimping crown edges to proximate the prepared tooth, and finishing and polishing the crown form. This report about SSC restoration focuse...

Since crown size reduction has been observed in 47-trisomy G (M. M. COHEN and R. A. WINER, J Dent Res 44:197-208, 1965; M. M. COHEN, S. M. GARN, and M. A. GECIAUSKAS, J Dent Res 49:460, 1970) with delayed tooth formation timing (S. M. GARN, C. W. STIMSON, and A. B. LEWIS, J Dent Res 49:640, 1970), it is useful to compare the magnitude of crown size reduction with the magnitude of body size redu...