introduction: the parikh’s formula is a calculation method that considers menstrual cycle duration in women who have an unusual interval of menstruation cycle. since the accurate estimation of gestational age affects pregnancy outcomes, the present study aimed to compare the first trimester ultrasound and parikh’s formula in determining the expected date of delivery (edd). materials and methods...

background: considering that establishment of reference value of nuchal translucency (nt)-related to the crown rump length (crl) during the first trimester will be helpful for determining an appropriate cutoff level for  screening of increased nt thickness-related abnormalities, we determined the nt thickness and investigated its relation with diff erent chromosomal and nonchromosomal abnormali...

Metatarsal growth was studied in 780 human fetal metatarsal bones, crown-rump length ranging from 120 to 260 mm and gestational age ranging from 14 to 23 wk postconception. Total length, diaphyseal length and diameter were measured and statistical analysis performed. Means and standard deviations for each measurement were calculated at 1 wk intervals. These data were correlated with crown-rump ...

Correct estimation of gestational age is essential for any study of ultrasound biometry and for everyday clinical practice. However, inconsistency in pregnancy dating may occur through differences in measurement methods or errors during measurement. In the INTERGROWTH-21(st) Project, pregnancies are dated by the last menstrual period, provided that it is certain and associated with a regular me...

PURPOSE To examine the upper body strength, speed, power, and strength-endurance of rugby-league players of different ranks. These data could provide information pertinent to the importance of these factors for different grades of rugby league and for positional groups in those different grades. METHODS Sixty rugby-league players, 20 participants each in the elite, national first-division lea...

A quantitative study of the trachea has been made in 452 children with apparently normal tracheas ranging from 28 weeks' gestation to 14 years. In the neonatal period the trachea is funnel shaped with the upper end wider than the lower end. It becomes cylindrical with increasing age. The ratio of cartilage to muscle remains constant throughout childhood. The trachea appears to grow at a greater...

CONTEXT Adverse environmental exposures lead to developmental adaptations in fetal life. The influences of maternal physical characteristics and lifestyle habits on first-trimester fetal adaptations and the postnatal consequences are not known. OBJECTIVE To determine the risk factors and outcomes associated with first-trimester growth restriction. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Prospecti...