Asthma and croup are common inflammatory airway diseases involving the bronchus in children. However, no study has reported the effects of urbanization, sex, age, and bronchiolitis on the association of croup and its duration with asthma development. We used the Taiwan Longitudinal Health Insurance Database (LHID) to perform this population-based cohort study; here, the cluster effect caused by...

Sir: While writing my article for this journal titled ‘‘Zinc lozenges as cure for the common cold – a review and hypothesis” [1], I reflected upon the long 25-year history of zinc in treating colds, and also remembered that the history of use of zinc to treat croup in infants and young children was much longer. The first published use that I found for treating croup with zinc was in 1899; yes, ...

PURPOSE Croup is a common pediatric respiratory illness with symptoms of varying severity. Moreover, epiglottitis is a rare disease that can rapidly progress to life-threatening airway obstruction. Although the clinical course and treatments differ between croup and epiglottitis, they are difficult to differentiate on presentation. We aimed to compare the clinical characteristics of croup and e...

BACKGROUND The benefits of dexamethasone treatment for moderate-to-severe croup are well established. However, most children with croup have mild symptoms, and it is unknown whether they would derive the same degree of benefit from dexamethasone treatment as children with more severe disease. METHODS We conducted a double-blind trial at four pediatric emergency departments in which 720 childr...

Croup affects about 2% of preschool-aged children every year. Most children have mild croup and are managed at home, often after review by a general practitioner, who may decide that a single dose of oral corticosteroid is indicated (eg, if a risk factor for hospital admission exists). A minority of children develop moderate or severe croup. They should be reviewed in an emergency department an...

Croup is one of the most common causes of upper airway obstruction in young children. It is characterized by sudden onset of barky cough, hoarse voice, inspiratory stridor and respiratory distress caused by upper airway inflammation secondary to a viral infection. Published guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of croup advise using steroids as the mainstay treatment for all children who p...

The objective of this work was to estimate genetic parameters and evaluate trends over 26 years for morphometric traits in Mangalarga Marchador horses. Twelve were evaluated (withers croup heights; length head, body, shoulder, croup, neck, back, loins; width head cannon bone thorax perimeters). These 38,341 animals born between 1987 2012 with a relationship matrix 77,719 animals. Gibbs sampler ...

The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of a single dose of oral dexamethasone of varying sizes in 120 children hospitalized with croup in two sequential double 'blind, randomized, controlled clinical trials (Trials A and B). The study was conducted in the Emergency Department Observation Ward of a tertiary pediatric hospital. One hundred and twenty children (age range 6 to 160 ...

Objective. Nebulized budesonide and nebulized adrenaline have been shown to be effective in the treatment of moderately severe croup. However, there has been no direct comparison of these therapies. We undertook a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel group study in 66 hospitalized children with viral or spasmodic croup. Methods. Children 0.5 to 6 years of age were assessed using a va...

BACKGROUND Croup is a common childhood illness characterized by barky cough, stridor, hoarseness and respiratory distress. Children with severe croup are at risk for intubation. Nebulized epinephrine (NE) may prevent intubation. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy and safety of NE in children presenting to emergency department (ED) or admitted to hospital with croup. SEARCH STRATEGY We sear...