avian infectious bronchitis (ib) is a widely distributed poultry disease that has huge economic impact on poultry industry. the continuous emergence of new ibv genotypes and lack of cross protection among different ibv genotypes have been an important challenge. the present study was done to evaluate protection caused by two different serotypes’ vaccines (massachusetts & 793/b) in order to eval...

The more we know about the molecular biology of the cell, the more we see genes and proteins as part of networks or pathways instead of as isolated entities and understand their function as avariable of the cellular context.To fulfill this newparadigm, genomic sequences offer a catalog of building blocks, and protein interactions provide the first information for the challenging task of underst...

We specify a class of Gaussian rank-r latent models for cross-covariance. We show by construction that any variance-covariance matrix for the observed variables induced by rank-r reduced-rank regression can be induced by a rank-r latent model. 1 Model specification Basic terms are introduced which will be used to state the result. 1.1 Rank-r constraint models Let p be the number of X-variables ...

Each of five groups of specific-pathogen-free and conventionally reared cats was infected with a different strain of feline calicivirus. Two of the strains were pathogenic, producing characteristically fever, depression, loss of appetite, buccal ulceration, and occasionally increased ocular and nasal secretion. Two of the other strains were midly pathogenic and associated with fever or buccal u...

An avirulent live (AVL), Salmonella choleraesuis vaccine (Salmo Shield Live [Grand Laboratories, Inc.]) was administered to pigs at weaning or 3 weeks of age. Two weeks after vaccination the vaccinated pigs as well as unvaccinated control pigs were challenged intranasally with a commonly isolated environmental Salmonella serotype, S. derby. At 2, 4, and 6 weeks after challenge, pigs were euthan...

ELISA, cDNA dot blot hybridization and transmission by vector aphids were used to investigate the occurrence and degree of cross-protection produced in oat plants by virus isolates representing five strains or serotypes of barley yellow dwarf virus, namely PAV, MAV, SGV, RPV and RMV. Generally, the degree of cross-protection was positively correlated with the serological relatedness between the...

Cross-protection by seasonal trivalent influenza vaccines (TIVs) against pandemic influenza A H1N1 2009 (now known as A[H1N1]pdm09) infection is controversial; and the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccines has important health-policy implications. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses are needed to assess the impacts of both seasonal TIVs and A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccines against A(H1N1)pd...