north-western iran comprises diverse geographical landscapes, including pastures of piedmonts, mountains, and well-watered plains. the present chronology of this region, nevertheless, is based exclusively on data collected from sites around the urmia lake, other regions being almost totally ignored. during the late bronze age (hereafter lba) a new way of life took shape in the mountainous regio...

The AP-CA-18 archaeological site of Calçoene, located in the northern Brazilian Amazon, has a megalithic arrangement shape an irregular circle, constituting cromlech with menhirs azimuths and well-defined zenith angles. From perspective current academic astronomy, it prints strict relationship observation astronomical events, notably equinoxes solstices. Without intending to interfere anthropol...

Guère étudié jusqu’alors, le patrimoine néolithique des îles Chausey, s’est enrichi en 1994, d’un spectaculaire cromlech inédit localisé dans la zone intertidale. Outre son architecture, l’étude réalisée ici montre que ennoiement, qui constitue terminus post-quem, est intervenu entre 4700 et 4100 av. J.-C. Les autres monuments, dolmens, menhir, coffres entourés cercle, ainsi les stations repéré...

BACKGROUND/AIM Graves-Basedow disease is a common multifactorial genetic syndrome, which is determined by several genes and environmental factors. The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of risk factors for developing Graves-Basedow disease between the groups of individuals with and without Graves-Basedow disease, and to compare the presence of risk factors between the affe...

Graves' thyroid disease is a relatively common disorder in endocrinology and general internal medicine practice. Graves' hyperthyroidism is mediated by circulating stimulating autoantibodies. Up to 60% of patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism develop some form of Graves' orbitopathy. Immune reactivity to the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor is also thought to play a role in the immunopathog...

Graves' disease, an autoimmune disease with heterogeneous symptoms including Graves' orbitopathy, has a combined genetic/environmental background, where variations within CD28/CTLA-4/ICOS genes are considered as disease markers.Association of CD28c.17+3T>C(rs3116496), CTLA-4g.319C>T(rs5742909), CTLA-4c.49A>G(rs231775), CTLA-4g.*642AT(8_33), CT60(rs3087243), Jo31(rs11571302), ICOSc.1554+4GT(8_15...

Objective(s):The aim of this study was to determine whether technetium (99mTc) uptake is a relevant method for the differential diagnosis of Graves disease and subacute thyroiditis and calculate its cutoff value in case of its relevancy. Methods: A total of 69 patients, who were followed up (>3 months) in our hospital for thyrotoxi...